International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA

R Jeyakumar completed his PhD degree on semiconductor films for photovoltaic applications from National Physical Laboratory/University of Delhi, India. After having 11 years of Canadian experience from University of Waterloo, Research in Motion, and McMaster University, he moved back to India and joined as Principal Scientist at NPL, New Delhi. He is having experience on various solar cell technologies which includes crystalline silicon based solar cells- front junction, back junction, front heterojunction, and back heterojunction; thin film solar cells; silicon nanowires for solar cells etc. Currently, he is working on low cost c-Si solar cells.

Back heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell is a combination of c-Si based (i) front heterojunction cell, and (ii) back junction cell. BHJ solar cell was designed by combining the advantages of the above two cells. Absence of front grids, interdigitated point contact structure at the rear side (from back junction cell), and low processing temperature around 250°C, passivation by intrinsic a-Si:H on both sides of c-Si (from front heterojunction cell) were combined to form BHJ cell. In this design, shadowing losses due to front grid structure, and atrade-off between series resistance and reflection can be completely eliminated. Also, in the rear side, sufficient contact metal can be used to avoid resistive losses. In our simulation study, a low doped (1.0 x 1015/cm3), textured, n-type c-Si with a very high lifetime of 2-3 ms was used. Silicon nitride was used as an antireflection layer and intrinsic a-Si:H was used as passivation layer on both sides of c-Si. At the rear side of the cell, both emitter (p+-a-Si:H) and back surface field (n+-a-Si:H) were formed as an array of an interdigitated pattern with their respective contacts. Doped a-Si:H (emitter and BSF) circular region diameters were fixed as 20 µm and 10 µm respectively and space between emitter and BSF was fixed as 10 µm. Using optimized parameters [1,2], and Silvaco Atlas tools, simulation was carried out as a function of pyramid base width and height. For an optimized BHJ design, an efficiency as high as 26.6% have been achieved.

Rich has obtained his PhD in Physical Geography from Indiana State University in 1999 and he is a tenured full Professor of Meteorology in the Department of\r\nApplied Aviation Sciences at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. He has written and presented numerous papers on climate change and co-authored the text “Climatology: An Atmospheric Science” published by Pearson Education.

Sustainability is oft en promoted as a noble environmental objective but remains a goal that is unattainable for most Americans\r\ndue to our dependence on a non-renewable, fossil fuel based infrastructure. Th e fi rst step in achieving a sustainable lifestyle\r\nis to realize the need to downsize, which is a notion that can be diffi cult to embrace. However, once one realizes that less is\r\nmore, the goal of sustainability is well within reach. For those who are content to stay in one place, a small house or cabin\r\ncan fi ll the bill and can be designed for living off the grid. Others who are more adventurous can look to the sea for energy\r\nindependence. Sailing vessel September sea is a 36 foot ultralight sloop designed by sailboat racing legends Bill Lee and Bruce\r\nFarr and built by Lancer Yachts. While the engine is diesel powered, it burns just 0.5 gallons per hour and is only necessary for\r\nmanuvering in marinas. Th e rest of the time, the sails serve as the main means of transportation. Th e boat is equipped with\r\nsolar panels, a wind generator, a bank of four AGM batteries, an inverter to transform 12 volts into 120 volts, a water maker,\r\na 12 volt refrigerator and a 4000 watt diesel generator to backup the systems and power the air conditioner on those rare hot\r\nnights at anchor. Th is poster depicts the transformation of a simple sailboat into a model of mobile sustainability.

Calderan-Rodrigues MJC has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from University of São Paulo, Brazil. She has a bachelor degree in Biological Sciences, obtained from the same University, when she earned the first place in the general course classification (Adealq and “Luizrnde Queiroz” prizes). She is currently Planning and Evaluation Coordinator at the Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, in Brazil. She earned the SISCA (Dow Sustainability Innovation Student Challenge Award) Gran Prize in 2013, for the work developed in her thesis and partially presented in this abstract.

Second generation ethanol has become a great promise for supplying the fuels demand,rnincreasing the production without widening planted area. However, the cell wall recalcitrancernrepresents a major obstacle to transform the cellulosic ethanol commercially viable. Informationrndedicated to elucidate the mechanisms of cell wall plasticity is still scarce, wherein cell wallrnproteins (CWPs) play important roles. Therefore, this work identified CWPs from 2 and 4 montholdrnstem internodes of sugarcane,; addressing some differences between them. CWPs werernobtained using a vacuum infiltration protocol, based on Boudart et al. (2005). Acquisition of MSrndata used Synapt G2 HDMS equipped with ion mobility cell and NanoLockSpray source in thernpositive ion and `V´ mode (Waters®). Altogether, 258 different CWPs distributed into 8 functionalrnclasses were identified in 2- and 4-month-old internodes. From these, 47 appeared to be identifiedrnat both developmental stages (54,6% - 2 months and 21,5% - 4 months). Proteins related to LipidrnMetabolism (LM) were the only class that was more represented in 2-month-old internodes. Atrnthis age, LM comprised mostly Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs). LTPs were assumed to enhancerncell wall loosening, thus facilitating extension. Therefore, the high number of LTPs identified inrnyoung internodes could be related to a higher rate of extension than in mature ones. This workrnsuggests focusing genetic manipulation not only on proteins acting on polysaccharides, but alsornon LTPs, to facilitate bioethanol production.