Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
G.N.Tiwari
Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, India
Keynote: Photovoltaic thermal systems: A review
Time : 9:00-9:30 a.m
Biography:
G. N. Tiwari is Professor in Centre for energy studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. He had received postgraduate and doctoral degrees in 1972 and 1976, respectively, from Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.). Ever since 1977, he has been actively involved in the teaching programme at Centre for Energy Studies, IIT Delhi. His research interest in the field of Solar Energy Applications are solar distillation, water/air heating system, greenhouse technology for agriculture as well as for aquaculture, Earth to air heat exchanger, passive building design and hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) systems, climate change, energy security, etc. He has guided about 80 Ph.D. students and published over 600 research papers in journals of repute. He is recipient of National Hari Om Ashram Prerit S.S. Bhatnagar Award in 1982 for his seminal contribution in the field of solar distillation. He had been to the University of Papua, New Guinea in 1987-1989 as Energy and Environment Expert. He is responsible for development of "Solar Energy Park" at IIT Delhi and Energy Laboratory at University of Papua, New Guinea, Port Moresby. He has successfully co-coordinated various research projects on solar distillation, solar water heating system, Greenhouse technology, hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) and Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BiPVT) system etc. funded by Govt. of India in recent past.
Abstract:
In this review, photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system and its applications will be discussed to meet the energy need of human being on planet earth to sustain global environment and climate change. There is strong need to preserve the fossil fuel based power generation which is not friendly either environment or climate. It should be used for most important applications e.g. industries and commercial sectors for high gross domestic production (GDP) for a particular countries. The photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems namely PVT water/air heaters, PVT greenhouse crop/vegetables/fruits dryer, building integrated PVT (BiPVT) etc. can be used in agriculture, passive heating/cooling, domestic use, solar distillation to meet water demand in domestic and industrial applications and PVT active heating of biogas plant etc. In these applications, a semitransparent PV module which has higher electrical efficiency in comparison with opaque PV module is mostly used. An overall characteristic analysis of each system based on thermal energy and exergy will be discussed in brief. An environmental effect in terms of CO2 mitigation will be also discussed with life cycle cost analysis.
- Track 2: Renewable Energy Systems & Sources (RESS)
Track 6: Energy Network
Track 3: Energy Storage
Session Introduction
G.N.Tiwari
Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, India
Title: Annual performance of partially covered photovoltaic thermal flat plate collectors connected in series
Biography:
G. N. Tiwari is Professor in Centre for energy studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. He had received postgraduate and doctoral degrees in 1972 and 1976, respectively, from Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U). Ever since 1977, he has been actively involved in the teaching program at Centre for Energy Studies, IIT Delhi. His research interest in the field of Solar Energy Applications are solar distillation, water/air heating system, greenhouse technology for agriculture as well as for aquaculture, Earth to air heat exchanger, passive building design and hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) systems, climate change, energy security, etc. He has guided about 80 Ph.D. students and published over 600 research papers in journals of repute. He is recipient of National Hari Om Ashram Prerit S.S. Bhatnagar Award in 1982 for his seminal contribution in the field of solar distillation. He had been to the University of Papua, New Guinea in 1987-1989 as Energy and Environment Expert. He is responsible for development of "Solar Energy Park" at IIT Delhi and Energy Laboratory at University of Papua, New Guinea, Port Moresby. He has successfully co-coordinated various research projects on solar distillation, solar water heating system, Greenhouse technology, hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) and Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BiPVT) system etc. funded by Govt. of India in recent past.
Abstract:
The performance of series connected tube in plate flat plate water collectors partially covered by the photovoltaic module has been evaluated on annual basis. The system consists of 5 partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collectors having 2 m2 area. The annual energy has been estimated by considering all types of weather conditions for New Delhi India. The solar radiation data provided by Indian meteorological department (IMD, Pune) has been used for computing the annual energy. The overall thermal energy and exergy saved by the system are estimated as 10 MWh and 0.887 MWh respectively. The carbon credit earned by the system in a year on overall thermal energy basis is found to be USD 296.1 and on exergy basis it is USD 26.2. The energy payback time on overall thermal basis and exergy basis was found to be 1.6 years and 17.8 years respectively.
Qin Ma
South Dakota State University, USA
Title: Genome-scale identification of cell-wall related genes in switchgrass through comparative genomics and computational analyses of transcriptomic data
Biography:
Qin Ma is an assistant professor in Plant Science department at South Dakota State University. He was trained as a mathematician with a Ph.D. in operations research (focusing on graphical modeling and combinatorial optimization); and has been working in a bioinformatics lab in the past six years, initially as a visiting student, then as a postdoc and now a research assistant scientist. Hence, he views himself as a well-trained bioinformatics researcher and computational modeler of biological data and systems. His technical strength is in developing combinatorial optimization techniques and data mining and modeling with the advent of high-throughput Omics technologies. Until now, he has published 25 papers on reputed bioinformatic journals; and have gained substantial experience in developing and applying advanced software techniques / web databases in carrying out my own bioinformatics research in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic areas.
Abstract:
Substantial efforts have been invested in the past two decades into identification of plant cell-wall (PCW) related genes in several genomes, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa (rice) and Zea mays (maize), having led to large pools of predicted PCW genes in these organisms. However, no such gene list has been identified in the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Here we present a computational study for prediction of PCW genes in switchgrass using a two-step procedure: (i) homology mapping of all annotated PCW genes in these three organisms to switchgrass, giving rise to the initial list of 991 genes; and (ii) candidate selection from the 991 mapped genes based on co-expression analyses of transcriptomic, which leads to the identification of 104 large groups of co-expressed genes each under a sufficiently large number of conditions, referred to as co-expression modules (CEMs), which cover 830 genes, and represent our initial PCW genes in switchgrass. We then extended this co-expression analysis to include all the switchgrass genes, and found additional 847 genes that are strongly co-expressed with some of the 104 CEMs, hence also predicted as PCW genes, 123 of the predicted genes are homologous to predicted PCW genes in Arabidopsis.
Biography:
Godwin.C.Onyedim is a professor at the faculty of sciences, department of Computer Science/Physics/Mathematics and Statistics at Federal University, Otuoke. His research interests include site characterization using geophysical (electrical, seismic and magnetic) methods,investigation of groundwater pollution in coastal areas and applications of high resolution aeromagnetics in reconnaissance geophysical surveys. Fracture mapping using geophysical and remote sensing data for oil, groundwater, mineral exploration and ground stability investigations and remote sensing and GIS applications to environmental pollution and remediation studies are few more areas of his interest.
Abstract:
The Curie Point Depth (CPD), sedimentary thicknesses and heat flow maps of parts of the Chad basin, Nigeria were generated through the analysis of radial log power spectral of twenty-five overlapping square blocks of high resolution aeromagnetic data (HRAD). This was with a view to appraising the geothermal and hydrocarbon potential of the study area. 2D forward modeling of profiles across the CPD map and the anomalous zones of the Reduced-to-the-Equator map of the HRAD was carried out to obtain five models of the magnetic crust in the study area. The magnetic anomalies trend mainly in the NE¬-SW, E-W and ENE-WSW directions for which the NE-SW orientation predominated. The CPDs range between 3.0 km and 16.7 km. Shallow CPD (<3.5 km) zones were identified at the extreme edges of the north-western and south-western portions. The sedimentary thicknesses in the study area ranged between 1 km and 3 km. The geothermal gradient varies between 34° C/km and 173° C/km and heat flow between 87 and 446 mW/m2 indicating high vertical temperature gradients and geothermal heat flow in parts of the Chad basin. The high heat flow zones situated at the extreme edge of the north-western and south-western parts of the study area are likely to constitute valuable geothermal resources. The magnetic forward models revealed the variation of the basement topography with smoother Curie point isotherm level and the presence of sub-basins in the study area. Basement rocks in regions of shallow CPD were found to have richer magnetic contents than those in regions of deep CPD. The study concludes that dry oil wells encountered in the Nigerian sector of the Chad basin in the past could have been the consequence of prevailing high magnitude of geothermal heat flow (>200 nQ/m2) resulting from shallow depths to the Curie isotherm in various parts of the study area.
R.K.Mishra
Hi-Tech Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Title: Energy matrices and carbon credit earned for a semitransparent photovoltaic thermal (SPVT) water collector under constant collection temperature mode
Biography:
Rajeev Kumar Mishra received Bachelor of Science degree (B.Sc) with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry in 2003 and Master of Science degree (M.Sc.) in Physics from University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India in 2005. He received Master of Technology degree (M. Tech.) in Material Science and Technology from IIT-BHU, Varanasi, India in 2008. He received PhD degree in 2014 from IIT Delhi in the area of Solar Energy. His areas of interest are material science in engineering, solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, solar cell materials, solar distillation, solar water/air heating system, hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) systems etc. He attended and presented several research papers in International conferences in India and in other countries namely Sweden, Spain, Ireland. Dr. Mishra has worked for six months during January, 2013 to June, 2103 as a research fellow in Dublin Energy Lab, Dublin, Ireland under prestigious Government of Ireland, DIT Fiosraigh International Scholarships scheme. He has authored a book titled "Advanced Renewable Energy Sources" published by RSC Publishing, Cambridge, UK. He worked as the convener in the "International Conference on Energy Security, Global Warming and Sustainable Climate" SOLARIS-2012, held in BHU, Varanasi during 7-9, February, 2012. From July, 2014 he is working as assistant professor and associate HOD in the department of Mechanical engineering, Hi-Tech Institute of Engineering and Technology Ghaziabad, India.
Abstract:
In this communication, energy matrices of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal (SPVT) water collector has been evaluated for two different configurations namely collectors partially (Case A) and fully (Case B) covered by PV modules. The study has been carried out under constant collection temperature mode for industrial applications based on overall thermal energy and exergy output of SPVT water collector. Total carbon credit earned by SPVT water collector has also been evaluated. It has been observed that the energy payback time (EPBT) and energy production factor (EPF) are lower and higher respectively for partially covered SPVT water collector (case A). This can be considered as the best option in comparison with fully covered SPVT water collector (case B) from thermal energy point of view. Further unit cost of thermal energy and exergy is reduced by about 5% due to effect of carbon credits earned.
Joseph Zeaiter
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Title: Design of an automated solar reactor for the pyrolysis of waste rubber to fuel and petrochemicals
Biography:
Dr. Joseph Zeaiter received his BE in Chemical Engineering from the University of Sydney in 1998. He then obtained a PhD in process systems engineering from the same university in 2003. After his graduation, Dr. Zeaiter joined the process industry, as an advanced process control lead engineer/senior consultant working on projects in oil and gas, petrochemicals, power plants and mining. He worked for Invensys (now Schneider Electric) in APAC and GCC regions and with Process Systems Enterprise in their London office. In 2010, Dr. Zeaiter returned to academia and joined the department of petroleum and chemical engineering at the American University of Beirut. He is currently an assistant professor at AUB and his research interests are centered on the conversion of municipal solid waste (plastic and rubber) into fuel and chemicals. Dr. Zeaiter has more than twenty publications (journal and conference papers) in the areas of pyrolysis, advanced control, process modeling and optimization of polymerization reactors.
Abstract:
An automated solar reactor system was designed and built to carry out catalytic pyrolysis of waste rubber tires at 550° C. To maximize solar energy concentration, a two degrees-of-freedom automated sun tracking system was developed and implemented. Both the azimuth and zenith angles were controlled via feedback from six photo-resistors positioned on a Fresnel lens. The pyrolysis of waste rubber was tested with the presence of two types of acidic catalysts, H-beta and H-USY. Additionally, a photoactive TiO2 catalyst was used and the products were compared in terms of gas yields and composition. The catalysts were characterized by BET analysis and the pyrolysis gases and liquids were analyzed using GC-MS. The oil and gas yields were relatively high with the highest gas yield reaching 32.8% with H-beta catalyst while TiO2 gave the same results as thermal pyrolysis without any catalyst. The dominant gaseous components in the presence of zeolites were propene and cyclobutene. The TiO2 and non-catalytic experiments produced a gas product of mainly isoprene (76.4% and 88.4% respectively). As for the liquids they were composed of numerous components spread over a wide distribution of C10 to C29 hydrocarbons of naphthalene and cyclohexane/ene derivatives.
Youngmin Woo
Korea Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea
Title: Regarding on the gasoline equivalent fuel economy of the electric vehicles
Biography:
Youngmin Woo has completed his PhD in 2007 from KAIST. He is a Senior Researcher at Korea Institute of Energy Research, a Government funded research organization. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and his expertise lies in the internal combustion engines and alternative fuels including vehicular testing and assessments.
Abstract:
Energy consumption of an EV (Electric vehicle) can be compared with that of gasoline vehicles by EPA MPGe (Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent) ratings. However, the MPGe is flawed and gives much too big value since it is based on the equivalence of electric energy to the lower calorific value of gasoline fuel that is 8.905 kWh per L. Thus, the big values in the fuel economy labels of the EVs need to be corrected to give more reasonable values in accounting that the losses from batteries, inverters, motors and additional inefficiencies in real world driving just like in the thermal vehicles. As a result, a real world driving of a PHEV (Plug-in hybrid vehicle) gives an energy equivalence of 4.701 kWh per L gasoline that is only 52.8% of the original value in the calorific value consideration. The loss in the charging was about 10% and that in the PHEV fuel economy test was about 28%. Thus, remaining loss 20% is ascribed to the inefficiency from the vehicular losses.
Jae Hyun Kim
Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea
Title: Li4Ti5O12 based material as high performance electrode for lithium ion batteries and hybrid super- capacitor
Biography:
Kim completed his doctorate in materials science and engineering with magnetic semiconductor and device at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 2003. He focused on the new material synthesis by pulsed laser deposition and its application to devices and characterization of the materials by high resolution transmission microscopy. After his development and characterization of new materials, he joined LG. Philips LCD as senior research engineer, where he directed design and process development of TFT-LCD TV panel in 2003 ~ 2005. He opened new area for large TFT-LCD TV by optimizing the design of TFT and CF glass. He also contributed to reduction of fraction defective by innovative improvement of process window in liquid crystal drop. He moved to Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology in 2005. He developed new device structure for organic thin film transistor of high performance. He has directed his research to fabrication of various one-dimensional Si nano/micro structures by electrochemical etching and noble metal catalytic etching. He is devoting to improving the efficiency of radial p-n junction solar cell by using one-dimensional Si wire arrays and is also developing the wire array transfer technique onto other substrate. He is doing research on anode materials including Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) based materials, Si nanowires. He is also studying the enhancement of electrochemical performance of the hybrid supercapacitor. Concurrently, Dr Kim is interested in unified device of combining various renewable energy source elements.
Abstract:
Spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has been considered one of excellent materials to improve and reinforce the weak points of conventional carbon anode material. It has advantages of negligible structural change during the charge/discharge process, good Li+ diffusion channels due to 3-dimensional structure, and no formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, LTO has low conductivity. In order to overcome this drawback, doping with anions and cations, coating with metal and oxide, and making composite with other materials. In doping method, most of studies have been focused on single doping material. In this study, we tried co-doping of two different elements. The combination of materials was over 300 pairs. We found the best doping combination. To improve the cycle performance even more, we coated ZnO, Al2O3, Al-doped ZnO of several nm on the surface of LTO electrode using atomic layer deposition. We also introduce the application of LTO to hybrid super capacitor. The effect of various LTOs that was fabricated on different process conditions on electrochemical performance of hybrid super capacitor will be discussed.
Edith I Madukasi
Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Nigeria
Title: Co-densification of coating sludge as alternative energy source
Biography:
Edith I Madukasi has completed her PhD from Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China and about to under take a Postdoctoral studies at University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa in Waste Management. She is the Agricultural Deputy Director of Environmental Technology Division of the Foremost Research Institution in Nigeria. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed peer reviewed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
A solid burnable fuel composite containing high proportion of dehydrated sludge (60% dried sludge) is presented. Thermo-chemical analyses of coating sludge showed heating and energy values to be 27.88 and 13.20 MJ/kg indicating possible use as fuel source. However, high contents of lead and zinc (2.4 and 38.8 mg/L) depicted deleterious oxides emissions. Hence sludge was pre-treated prior to co-densification with mixed paper waste (MPW). Chemically leached sludge with 5M HNO3 at pH 1.5 recorded maximum lead reductions (below detectable limit), zinc recorded 87.6% reduction. Sludge-paper fire-log glowed with red hot, limited smoke and improved ash content during bench combustibility test.
Deepali Atheaya
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Exergy analysis of an inverted photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (IPVT-CPC) water collector
Biography:
Deepali Atheaya is a PhD research scholar since 2013 at Center for energy studies, Indian institute of Delhi, India. She has completed her B.Sc (Engineering) in Mechanical Engg. from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India. She did her M. Tech in Industrial & Production Engineering from the same university. She has about 10 years of teaching experience in thermodynamics, manufacturing processes and production engineering subjects, renewable energy resources etc.
Abstract:
There is an acute shortage of fossil fuel supply in the present world. Solar energy utilization is one way by which this problem of energy shortage can be tackled. Therefore, a novel design of inverted photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (IPVT-CPC) is proposed. The thermal modeling of IPVT-CPC system was performed. MATLAB 2010a software was used to investigate the exergy of the system. The exergy analysis was carried out to evaluate the system performance. This IPVT-CPC system was then compared with normal PVT-CPC system. Integration of the photovoltaic thermal system was done with a compound parabolic concentrator and an inverted absorber and the combined IPVT-CPC system formed have been found to have increased overall exergy efficiency. Further, the analytical expression for the temperature dependent electrical efficiency has been developed and the results obtained were analyzed by MATLAB2010a. It was observed that IPVT-CPC system performance is better than the PVT-CPC system.
Arjun Deo
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Design and performance evaluation of a virtual grid-connected photovoltaic system in Indian climatic conditions
Biography:
Arjun Deo has completed his Master of Technology (MTech) degree in Energy Studies from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India in 2013. After completing his Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree in electrical and electronics engineering in 2008, he has a 3 years teaching experience at graduate level engineering programme in electrical engineering. Presently, he is pursuing his PhD degree at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. He has published three research papers in reputed international journals and many conference papers of national and international repute. His areas of research interest are photovoltaic systems, economics and planning, carbon trading and electrical Engineering.
Abstract:
Present study deals with the design and performance evaluation of photovoltaic (PV) system connected with virtual grid. Analysis has been done by monitoring 500 WP crystalline photovoltaic systems mounted on inclined structure at flat roof of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India. The system was monitored for one year using linear and non linear load at 220 V, 50 Hz. Daily, monthly and annually performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: Average generated electrical energy (kWh), different efficiencies (system efficiency, inverter efficiency etc.), average power output, performance ratio, capacity factor, yields and losses. The average electrical energy generated was 3.75 kWh per day per kWp for the average solar radiation 5.4 kWh per day per unit area. The average module efficiency, system efficiency and inverter efficiency were 10.8%, 8.5% and 94.8% respectively. The average final yield in outdoor test condition was 3.1 kWh per day per kWp. The Performance ratio of the system per month was 63.27 with 12.9% capacity factor. The average temperature losses, capture losses and system losses were 0.26, 0.73 and 1.06 hour/day respectively.
Jasleen Bhatti
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Exergy analysis of flat plate collector integrated biogas plant
Biography:
Jasleen Bhatti is a PhD research scholar since 2011 at Centre for energy studies, Indian institute of technology Delhi, India. She has completed her B.Sc (Hons) Chemistry from Delhi University, Delhi, India. She did her M.Sc in Analytical Chemistry from Agra University. She has over 4 years of experience in industrial research and operations and has another 4 years of experience solely in the research field of solar energy and its applications, photovoltaic thermal integrated systems, development of biogas technology.
Abstract:
There has been a worldwide increase in the demand for energy. The major part of this energy demand is being met by the combustion of fossil fuels which has resulted in their price rise. The utilization of fossil fuels has also put across pressing challenges to the society like climate change, pollution and public health hazards, and energy poverty; making the greening of the energy sector an imperative change. It has long been recognized that the sunlight falling on the earth’s surface is more than adequate to supply all the energy that human activity requires. Therefore, in this communication, an analytical expression for slurry temperature (Ts) for an active N- flat plate collector's (N-FPC's) integrated biogas plant has been derived for conducting exergy analysis. The calculations were performed by using MATLAB 2010a. In this study, it was found that the maximum annual exergy for flat plate collector and slurry were obtained for the months of June and July. The influences of various design parameters such as the mass of the slurry (Ms), the length of the collector pipe (L), the number of collectors in series (N) and the mass flow rate of the slurry ; on slurry temperature has been studied for an optimum slurry temperature ( ). Further the above parameters have also been optimised to design an active system for the heating of the slurry. This flat plate collector integrated biogas plant has been observed to be self sustainable and showed a superior performance as compared to a simple biogas plant.
Verónica Benavente
University of Alicante, Spain
Title: Hydrothermal carbonization of olive mill waste: effect of the olive oil load on the hydrochar properties
Biography:
Verónica Benavente obtained her degree in Chemical Engineering from University of Alicante in 2012. She received a master of Materials Science from the University Materials Science Institute of Alicante (IUMA) in 2013 and, recently, a master of Renewable Energies form the Miguel Hernández University of Elche in March 2015. Currently, she is a PhD student in Chemical Engineering at University Institute of Chemical Process Engineering of Alicante (IIPQ), where she has been working since 2010; first, conducting research in the field of polymer processing at the research group “Polymer, Pyrolysis and Combustion”; lately, conducting research toward the doctoral degree in the field of waste treatment at the research group “Waste, Energy, Environmental and Nanotechnology” (REMAN). Her research focuses on the upgrading of agro-industrial wastes via torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization to make them suitable for energy generation.
Abstract:
The Mediterranean region is currently responsible for a large proportion of the olive oil production worldwide. Spain, Italy, Turkey and Greece are the main producer countries and supplied almost the 80% of the total olive oil produced during the 2013-2014 campaign. The main process used to produce olive oil is a two-phase centrifugation method, which is a relatively new process that solves many issues with the three-phase method: reduces the amount of process water, the energy requirements and the volume of waste generated and improves the quality of the olive oil produced. However, this technology generates a new waste known locally as ‘alperujo’ or two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW), which is a high polluting by-product that, in addition, has a very high moisture content(>65%). Likewise, depending on the origin, the TPOMW still contains variable olive oil loadings. Current technologies are insufficient in treating this waste and a specific management regarding minimization, valorization and mitigation of their environmental impact is needed. This work focuses on the development of a possible treatment method: the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of TPOMW to produce bioenergy feedstocks. Hydrothermal carbonization is a wet thermochemical treatment technique that takesplace in a sealed reactor, where several complex reactions occur to produce a carbon-enriched solid more suitable for energy generation (HTC-char). As the moist waste is heated, the water is evaporated producing autogenous pressure that holds the rest of the water in the liquid phase and, consequently, prevents large amounts of energy being wasted evaporating water. Other pyrolysis processes require a dry feed; HTC reduces the energetic requirements to treat the TPOMW as the water must not be eliminated before this technology. In this work the influence of the initial olive oil loading on the physical and chemical properties of the HTC-char produced form TPOMW was evaluated. Fresh TPOMW was dried at 105º C during 24 h and then the remaining olive oil was totally extracted by accelerate solvent extraction (ASE) with hexane. Afterwards, mixtures of dry and extracted TPOMW (DE-TPOMW), olive oil (OO) and deionized water (DW) were prepared with different ratios (see Table 1). Experiments of HTC were conducted in a high pressure reactor with an internal volume of 1 Lat 225ºC and residence time of 2 hours. Figure 1 shows the diagram flow of the experimental procedure. Finally, several analysis techniques were used to characterize the HTC-char. It was found that after the HTC treatment the olive oil mainly remains in the HTC-char and, consequently, contributes to enhance the global heating value of the solid by approximately 12%. Other characteristics like the solid yield (%) and the hydrophobic properties also improved as the olive oil content in the previous mixtures increased. Thus, on the one hand, the solid yield rose from 50 to over 58% and, on the other, the dewatering of the HTC-chars by mechanical filtration was greaterwith increasing OO. As a result, the moisture content of the HTC-chars after filtration considerably decreased. Therefore, it could be concluded that HTC is deemed to be an effective treatment of TPOMW that will be more beneficial to produce bioenergy feedstocks as the amount of olive oil retained in the raw TPOMW increases.
Preshanthan Moodley
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Title: Comparative study of dilute acid pretreatment techniques for fermentable sugar production from sugarcane leaves (Saccharum officinarum)
Biography:
Preshanthan Moodley is a Master’s of Science student studying microbiology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. He obtained his B.Sc degree in 2013 majoring in microbiology and biochemistry and has also obtained his BA Honors degree in film-making in 2009. Currently, his area of research includes biofuel production from pre-treated agricultural waste residues while focusing on bio hydrogen from sugarcane leaves. His interest in this field made it possible for his honors thesis to be published in a reputable international journal. His future research interests include expanding upon different biofuels such as methane and ethanol.
Abstract:
Agricultural biomass such as sugarcane leaves are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. Annually, approximately 1.6 billion tons of sugarcane is produced and the leaves are disposed either by landfill dumping or burning which has serious repercussions for the environment. This paper examines the pattern of release of xylose and glucose from sugarcane leaves subjected to various acidic pre-treatment regimes of HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 under varied input parameters of acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, treatment time and temperature. The Response Surface Methodology was used to generate six process models for xylose and glucose prediction with respect to the acid type. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that all models were significant with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging between 0.78 and 0.93. Process optimization using the developed models and experimental validation gave xylose and glucose yields of 78g/L and 11.48g/L, 50.75g/L and 7.15g/L, 30.82g/L and 3.99g/L for HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 based pre-treatment respectively. Thus HCl based pre-treatment with acid concentration of 4.90%, solid to liquid ratio of 47.26%, treatment time of 84 minutes and temperature at 99oC gave the highest yield of fermentable sugars with a xylose to glucose ratio of 6.8: 1. These data showed a significant improvement with a 15 fold increase in xylose and glucose compared to previous studies and highlights the suitability of sugarcane leaves as an excellent source of fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels.
Diana Sánchez-Herrera
Universidad Veracruzana, México
Title: Lignocellulosic residues and its viability as a green source for biogas generation
Biography:
Diana Sánchez from México received her Bsc. in Biology from the Universidad Veracruzana and holds an MSc degree in Renewable Energy from the CICY research center (2009-2011). She was working with the development of a microbial fuel cell for the generation of bioelectricity with synthetic waste water, evaluating the system by electrochemical analysis (CV, EIS) and the characterization of the biofilm an anolyte developed in the anode in different stages of the bio electrochemical system. Currently she is a PhD student in the multidisciplinary program of Tropical Ecology at the CITRO research center belonging to the Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. Her PhD research topic focuses on the evaluation of the methane generation potential of the sugarcane straw, by the implementation of liquid hot water and enzymes as pretreatment of this biomass. This agricultural waste has no current use and represents a harmful residue to the environment due to the traditional practice of its burning on the fields. She already published one scientific paper awhile other research activities were under review.
Abstract:
The global energy demand has been increasing over the years mainly by the exponential growing of the worldwide population and their technological demands. With these demands we must take into consideration that their resolution through the use of fossil fuels as the main source of energy has several repercussions not only for the environment but for ourselves. Thus, many alternative energies have been proposed as a possible solution with the distinctive plus of been environmental friendly. One of the main concerns in this matter is the selected source for developing the desired green energy. The current utilization of grains like Sorghum, corn, soya or other seeds rich on oil or sugars have as a main disadvantage the utilization of food services which are necessary to the common good. On this matter, we want to discuss the application of lignocellulosic residues as a green source for the generation of biogas. It is considered that the lignocellulosic residues are the most abundant, widely distributed and less currently use in other type of activities coming to generate up to 200 billion tons per year. These key characteristics make them a suitable candidate for the generation of an inexpensive alternative energy as the biogas. In this conference we will make an approach of the main characteristics of these residues, its structural complexity and the main treatment technologies to overcome that complexity in order to increase the biogas yields.
Marco Ravina
Politecnico di Torino,Italy
Title: Global and local emissions of a biogas plant considering the production of biomethane as an alternative end-use solution
Biography:
Marco Ravina is a PhD student at Land, Environment and Infrastructure Department in Turin Polytechnic, Italy. He has recently published his first paper on environmental sustainability of energy systems. He is working on a project on global and local environmental assessment of district heating network in the Turin urban area.Marco Ravina is a PhD student at Land, Environment and Infrastructure Department in Turin Polytechnic, Italy. He has recently published his first paper on environmental sustainability of energy systems. He is working on a project on global and local environmental assessment of district heating network in the Turin urban area.
Abstract:
The conversion of biomass to energy is a complex process whose environmental sustainability must be assessed. In the present work, global and local emissions of a biogas plant are evaluated considering two alternative end uses: Combustion of biogas in a combined heat and power unit or upgrading of biogas to biomethane and subsequent injection to the gas grid or use in transports. Global emissions are estimated by using the carbon footprint methodology comparing the scenarios on the basis of the same functional unit. The results show a CO2 reduction for biogas combustion equivalent to that of biomethane used as fuel in transports. If the thermal energy produced by the biogas cogenerator is not used, the greenhouse gas balance approaches to zero. A second part of the work considers the contribution of methane losses from the upgrading process. The equivalent CO2 saving raises considerably if methane slip is limited to 0.05% while the process results no longer sustainable for a methane loss of 4%. The evaluation of local impacts considers the emission of NOx and particulate matter (PM) generated by biogas combustion and its alternative solution. A Gaussian model of dispersion is applied and ground level iso-concentration maps are generated. The results show a variable extension of the plume which may a cause non-negligible impact of these pollutants in the surroundings of the source. Adopting biomethane as the end use solution could partly or totally avoid these local impacts. In conclusion, this work points out that adopting the biomethane solution may result environmentally sustainable in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and reduction of NOx and PM local emission.
En-Chin Su
National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Title: Hydrogen production from EDTA-2Na by Pt/N-TiO2/cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube multi-junction photocatalyst under simulated sunlight irradiation
Biography:
En-Chin Su, is a Ph.D student study in Energy and Materials Recovery Lab, which is a part of the Department of Environmental Engineering at the National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. She has engaged in research on developing synthesis and characterization of photocatalytic materials for six years. There are over ten references related to alternative fuel (hydrogen and biodiesel) development have been published by our group. In the future, our goal is to develop an efficient photocatalyst which can be photo-excited by sunlight, thus facilitating the waste-to-energy system conversion from real wastewater.
Abstract:
Hydrogen, which possesses some features such as cleaning, high energy conversion, and renewability, is suitable for energy conversion without greenhouse gas emission. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is regarded as the promising way to produce hydrogen because of the clean and simple procedure. To enhance the photoexcitation probability of SrTiO3/TiO2 composite material and to facilitate the photo-exited electron delivery among Pt, N-TiO2, and cubic SrTiO3, the TiO2 tube with well electron delivery was selected as the internal layer material for cubic SrTiO3 distribution. The effect of composition on electron delivery, light absorption, and charge recombination rate were discussed in this study. In this study, the Pt/N-TiO2/cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube multi-junction photocatalyst has been developed. XRD and FETEM analysis results indicated that the cubic SrTiO3 particles grew along the surface of TiO2 tube, resulting in a tight contact structure of cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube. The N-TiO2 composed with cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube revealed 9 times higher hydrogen evolution efficiency under simulated sunlight irradiation than N-TiO2 composed with cubic SrTiO3. The enhanced activity was ascribed to the well electron delivery of TiO2 tube and the well charge separation among N-TiO2, cubic SrTiO3, and TiO2 tube. After modifying the surface of N-TiO2/cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube with tiny amount (0.1 wt.%) of platinum (Pt), the multi-junction photocatalyst exhibited 8.5 times higher hydrogen evolution efficiency than N-TiO2/cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube. PL analysis results showed that coating Pt could further retard the charge recombination rate of multi-junction photocatalyst due to the well-electron acceptance of Pt. According to the hydrogen evolution and EDTA-2Na degradation results, it was found that using Pt/N-TiO2/cubic SrTiO3/TiO2 tube could facilitate the waste-to-energy system conversion from EDTA-2Na simulated wastewater.
Meryem Oudda
Université TAHRI Mohamed - Bechar, Algeria
Title: Fuzzy logic controller for a photovoltaic system with a SEPIC converter
Biography:
Meryem Oudda received the L.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from TAHRI Mohamed Bechar University, Algeria, in 2009 and 2011 respectively, where she has been working toward the doctoral degree in the Department of Electric and Electronics Engineering since January 2012. She is currently a Research member at the research laboratory: « Command Analyze and Optimization of Electro-Energetic Systems », TAHRI Mohamed Bechar University, Algeria.
Abstract:
In order to control the output voltage of a photovoltaic system with a DC-DC converter; type Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC); a fuzzy logic controller is investigated in this paper. The system is designed for 210 W solar PV (SCHOTT 210) panel and to feed an average demand of 78 W. This system includes solar panels, SEPIC converter and fuzzy logic controller. The SEPIC converter provides a constant DC bus voltage and its duty cycle controlled by the fuzzy logic controller which is needed to improve PV panel’s utilization efficiency. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is also used to generate the PWM signal for the SEPIC converter. The model of the power system is developed using SimPowerSystem toolbox and the control part is realized using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB.
Maykel Courel-Piedrahita
National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
Title: The role of kesterite materials in the second generation of solar cells
Biography:
Maykel Courel Piedrahita is currently pursuin his PhD in Physics and Mathematics from National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico City. He holds a Master’s degree in Material Science from Havana University, Cuba. His research has been mainly focused on thin film solar cells based on kesterite compounds as well as quantum solar cells. He has published more than 16 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Reviewer of six repute journals.
Abstract:
The most efficient thin film solar cells are based on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) and CdTe compounds known as second generation polycrystalline thin films. The challenge of these materials is to reduce the cost per watt of solar energy conversion, but they are actually formed by expensive and or scanty elements in the earth’s crust such as In, Ga, Te and other that presents toxicity issues like Cd. In the last years, new materials with properties of interest for photovoltaic applications and formed by non-toxic and abundant elements have been suggested as alternatives to the main second generation solar cells based on CdTe and CIGSSe. Semiconductor compounds with kesterite structure (Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4), all of them Cadmium-free have been proposed as new candidates for thin film solar cells. However, reported solar cell efficiencies for these compounds have not yet reached the expected values. In fact, solar cell efficiencies lower than 13% have been obtained. In this work, a critical review on the main limiting factors for achieving high efficiency in kesterite thin film solar cells are presented. A discussion about a further solar cell efficiency improvement is also introduced based on theoretical results.
Biography:
Farhad Fazlollahi has graduated with Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering from Shiraz University, Iran in September 2009. He has also completed his Master’s degree at University of Sistan, Iran. He has been working on his PhD thesis at Brigham Young University (BYU) under supervision of Professor Larry L Baxter since Jan 2013. His mian field is Cryogenic Carbon Capture (CCC) as an innovative new technology that promises to decrease energy consumption and costs of separating CO2 from other gases in most flows including power plant exhausts, natural gas flows and most industrial streams.
Abstract:
Transient modeling and optimization of two natural gas liquefaction processes have been done using Aspen HYSYS. In case of energy consumption, the optimized model has been chosen for transient modeling. These results pertain to Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) generally and to an energy storage process associated with cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) in which the LNG process plays a prominent role. The energy storage CCC process influences the time constants and magnitudes of the flow rate characteristics. These flowrate variations affect all units, especially compressors and heat exchangers. New types of heat exchanger design and optimization method; Model predicted control theory (MPCT) have been presented and transient responses have been compared with traditional design. The proposed process controls temperatures, pressures and other operating parameters. K-value and U-value techniques guide flowrate and heat exchanger stream variations. Transient responses to both ramping and step-changes in flow rates indicate process responses including summary effects represented in transient efficiency graphs. Finally natural gas (NG) consumption and LNG production have been compared to show the optimality of new design.
Jong Hyeok Park
Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
Title: Clay nanosheets in skeletons of controlled phase inversion separators for thermally stable Li-ion batteries
Biography:
Jong Hyeok Park is an associate professor at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Yonsei University, Republic of Korea. He received his PhD in chemical engineering from KAIST, Korea, in August 2004. Then, he joined University of Texas at Austin, USA, as a postdoctoral researcher in 2004 (under Prof. Allen J. Bard). From March 2007 to February 2008, he worked at ETRI. He is an author and a co-author of 190 papers and 50 patents. His research focuses on organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and solar-to-hydrogen conversion devices.
Abstract:
Phase inversion is a powerful alternative process for preparing ultra-thin separators for various secondary batteries. Unfortunately, separators prepared from phase inversion generally suffer from uneven pore size and pore size distribution, which frequently results in poor battery performance. Here, a straightforward route is demonstrated to solve the drawbacks of phase-inversion-based separators for Li-ion batteries by means of directly incorporating 2D clay sheets in the skeleton of poly(vinylidene fl uoride- co -hexafl uoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) with multiscale pore generation from a simple one-step solution coating method. Additionally generated pores by the inclusion of 2D nanosheets in PVdF-HFP skeletons, combined with the multiscale pores (several micrometers + sub-micrometers) originally generated by means of the controlled phase inversion, can generate additional ionic transport pathways, leading to Li-ion battery performances better than those of commercialized polyethylene separators. Moreover, the addition of extremely low contents of 2D clay sheets in PVdF-HFP separators allows thermally stable polymer separators to be realized.
K. Salhi
Renewable Energy Development Center,Algeria
Title: Simulation study of a single effect absorption refrigeration system using geothermal sources in Algeria
Biography:
K. Salhi works at Renewable Energy Development Center, Algeria. His research interests include Absorption and geothermal energy applications.
Abstract:
This study is concerned with absorption chillers single effect, powered by thermal energy of geothermal sources in Algeria, the influences of the components temperature and the heat exchanger effectiveness on the performance coefficients were studied to test optimum operating conditions for the proposed system, We studied the machine in the following conditions, the coolant temperature is between 30 and 40 ° C and the evaporation temperature between 2 and 20 ° C, the results show that the coefficient of performance of this system is quite high, however, very high temperature of the geothermal source.
S. C. Solanki
Ujjain Engineering College, India
Title: Carbon credit earned from photovoltaic thermal greenhouse dryer in Indian weather conditions
Biography:
S. C. Solanki works at Mechanical Engineering Department, U.E.C. Ujjain, India. His research interests include CO2 mitigation, photovoltaic thermal applications and exergy analysis.
Abstract:
The carbon credit earned and the CO2 mitigation from the single slope photovoltaic thermal (PVT) greenhouse dryer installed at SODHA BERS Complex Varanasi, India has been estimated in the present communication. The annual performance of the system with load condition has been investigated considering all type (a, b, c, d types) of weather condition of India. It has been found that the thermal energy and electrical energy were maximum for the month of May and minimum for month of September. The carbon credit earned by the system in a year on overall thermal energy basis is found to be USD 93.9 and on exergy basis it is USD 28.3.
Khaled Mammar
University of Bechar,Algeria
Title: Active Power of PEM fuel cell System Power Generation using Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Controller
Biography:
Khaled Mammar works at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Bechar, Algeria. His research interests include Fuel Cell , Polymer-electrolyte fuel cell PEMFC, Electrochemical model, Modeling and Simulation and Fuzzy Logic Controller.
Abstract:
This paper presents an application of adaptive neuro fuzzy controller for PEM fuel cell system. The model proposed for control include a fuel cell stack model, reformer model and DC/AC inverter model. Furthermore a fuzzy logic (FLC) and neuro fuzzy controllers are used to control active power of PEM fuel cell system. The controllers modifies the hydrogen flow feedback from the terminal load. The validity of the controller is verified when the fuel cell system model is used in conjunction with the ANFIS controller to predict the response of the active power. Simulation results confirmed the high performance capability of the neuofuzzy to control power generation.
Gaanty Pragas Maniam
Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Malaysia
Title: Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using organophosphonic acid-functionalised rice husk silica
Biography:
Maniam, G.P. earned PhD (Chemistry) in research related to biodiesel and heterogeneous catalyst from Universiti Sains Malaysia in 2011. His research focused on biofuel from waste sources and utilization of solid catalysts. He has authored more than 40 publications with nearly 500 citations and presented his findings at both international and national conferences. Currently he is supervising 15 postgraduates as the main and co-supervisor. Dr. Maniam is an Associate of Malaysia Institute of Chemistry and an Editorial Board Member of International Journal of the Institute of Materials, Malaysia. He has been a reviewer for numerous journals related to his field. He has been the recipient of: Tan Sri Datuk Ong Kee Hui Postgraduate Chemistry Award from the Malaysia Institute of Chemistry for his PhD work, Top Cited Papers Award from Elsevier, Gold Award at INPEX 2014 USA for his research product and several awards locally. Currently he is heading a centralized facility laboratory in his university as a Director.
Abstract:
In the present study, renewable green fuel is produced using a by-product generated during the purification process of palm oil refinery, known as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD has been considered as the most promising biodiesel feedstock despite its drawbacks of high free fatty acid (FFA) and water content. In order to overcome these problems, the organophosphonic acid-functionalized rice husk silica (OP-RHS) catalyst was used in esterification of PFAD. Parametric study has been conducted and the optimal conditions were found to be: MeOH:oil molar ratio of 15:1 and 8 wt.% catalyst amount at 100 °C, yielding highest methyl ester content 88.6% at 8 h reaction time. The catalyst could maintain a high catalytic activity (> 80 %) even during the fourth cycles. The research results show that OP-RHS is a potential catalyst for biodiesel production using high FFA and moisture content feedstock.
Shyam
Indian Institute of Technology, India
Title: Annual performance of partially covered photovoltaic thermal flat plate collectors connected in series
Biography:
Shyam has received Bachelor of Science degree (B.Sc) with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry in 2003 and Master of Science degree (M.Sc.) in Physics in 2005 from University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India. He had received Master of Technology degree (M. Tech.) in Cryogenic Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India in 2008. He worked as an Assistant Professor at Marathwada Institute of Technology, Bulandshahr, (UP) India (Affiliated to UP Technical University, Lucknow) from August 2008 to October 2012 and taught Basic Engineering Physics at graduate level. Presently, he is pursuing Ph.D. at Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. His areas of research interest are solar thermal collectors (modelling and experimental), photovoltaics, heat and mass transfer, exergy, CO2 mitigation, climate change and carbon trading, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analyses.
Abstract:
The performance of series connected tube in plate flat plate water collectors partially covered by the photovoltaic module has been evaluated on annual basis. The system consists of 5 partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) water collectors having 2 m2 area. The annual energy has been estimated by considering all types of weather conditions for New Delhi India. The solar radiation data provided by Indian meteorological department (IMD, Pune) has been used for computing the annual energy. The overall thermal energy and exergy saved by the system are estimated as 10 MWh and 0.887 MWh respectively. The carbon credit earned by the system in a year on overall thermal energy basis is found to be USD 296.1 and on exergy basis it is USD 26.2. The energy payback time on overall thermal basis and exergy basis was found to be 1.6 years and 17.8 years respectively.
Yeshona Sewsynker
University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Title: Does the volume matter? An insight into modelling and optimization of biohydrogen production across scales
Biography:
Yeshona Sewsynker has completed her BSc degree in Microbiology from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. She is currently pursuing MSc in Microbiology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Her research focuses on biofuel production. Her recent publication entitled “Modelling of biohydrogen generation in microbial electrolysis cells using a committee of artificial neural networks (ANNs)†was published in Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment in 2015. She is currently working on another manuscript titled “Development and Assessment of two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models for prediction of Biohydrogen yieldâ€.
Abstract:
Renew interest in biohydrogen production as a potential alternative to the depleting fossil fuels is driving the development of this bioprocess. Its scale up requires the development of process models that relate the key operational parameters with the hydrogen yields, models that are accurate and reliable at various scales of the process development. In this paper, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to model and optimize biohydrogen production at two different process scales. The input variables consisted of inoculum size (10-50%), molasses concentration (100-300 g/L) and Hydraulic Retention Time (10-48 hours) and the output was the hydrogen yield. The considered process scales were the culture volumes of 80 and 800 ml. Seventeen experimental data were generated at each scale and used for model development and process optimization, thus a total of two models at each scale. RSM models gave coefficients of determination (R2) values of 0.97 and 0.89 for 80 and 800 mL respectively. Process optimization with these models predicted a yield of 1.09 and 0.72 mol H2/mol sucrose for 80 and 800 ml scales respectively. Experimental validation gave yields of 0.99 and 0.70 moles H2/mol sucrose for 80 and 800 ml respectively. Thus, deviations from predicted values of 0.1 and 0.02 were obtained from 80 and 800 ml scales. These models showed relatively negligible deviations from their predicted values. These findings suggest that miniaturization of experiments for biohydrogen model development does not significantly impact on the model accuracy. This minimizes the process development cost.
André Pedral Sampaio
APOLLO Research Group of Sustainable Technology,Brazil
Title: Chiron project: Reform of methane from a cold plasma reactor with hydrogen production for desalination and energy cogeneration
Biography:
Dr. Andra Pedral Sampaioin holds Phd in Industrial Engineering - Organizational Intelligence from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (2008), Master in Industrial Engineering - Business Management from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (2002), Computer Specialist at Educational Center for Education Graduate Olga Metting (1999), Degree in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Bahia (1986). He has extensive experience in the areas of Information Technology, Process Engineering, Hydrogen, Bioenergy, Energy Generated, Process Automation, Sustainable Development, Audit and Judicial Skill. Winner of the South Regional – Santander and Winner of 4th Prize Santander Science and Innovation with the project OPTIMUS: Creating a method for assessing the strategic management informed by MCDA-C; Coordinates of the APOLLO research group, developing research projects in the areas of technology, robotics, organizational strategies, clean energy and sustainable development.
Abstract:
The increasing exploitation of water resources in recent decades has resulted in situations of water stress worldwide. Thus, the phenomena of reduced water availability in Brazil have caused a reduction of hydroelectric resources, which presents itself as one of the main problems for power generation in Brazil. Moreover, the Brazilian electric system is not warranted against shortages, even if the principles of the new energy model are followed. To get an idea of the problem, if the production of thermal energy is removed, the risk of rationing could rise from 10 % to 27 % in 2013, according to IBGE. The situation may actually get worse if reducing the supply of Bolivian gas happens, which would be especially worrisome for the South and Southeast regions. In order to reduce the risks of a general power outage, the CHIRON Project emerged, supported by two social projects, one of Brazilian's federal government and the other of Bahia state's government, both aiming the rational and intelligent use of saline wastewater from treatment of artesian well water by reverse osmosis, which may or may not have a high content of other dissolved solutes, and also with the purpose of generating energy through of a cold plasma reactor for pyrolysis of methane and / or any other hydrocarbon, using a modular and interchangeable framework for generating black carbon and hydrogen, which feed the reactor of water desalination and the turbo- generator of energy, without affecting the environment and having as byproducts of the process the generation of clean energy and the production of H2 and C, rock salt and water in two ways: drinking water suitable for human consumption; and demineralized, deionized, industrial water.
Man Jiang
Southwest Jiaotong University, China
Title: Degradation of lignin in acidic imidazolium ionic liquid
Biography:
Man Jiang works at School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Sichuan, China. Her research interests include Biomass,Hydrolysis, Lignin and Lignocellulosic Conversion.
Abstract:
Lignin is the highest energy component of plant biomass consisting of phenol units. Eco-friendly degradation of lignin in ILs provides an important way to utilize it efficiently. In this study, 1-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride (BnMIMCl) and 1-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium trichloroacetate (BnMIMTFA) were applied for degradation liquefaction of lignin. The highest liquefaction efficiency of 75.45% was obtained under the optimized condition. This attributed to the good dissolving capability and assistance of the ILs to lignin during the degradation. GC-MS analysis showed that 60% of low molecular products were phenols. The present method is simple and efficient at liquefaction and provides a useful approach for the production of basic petrochemical materials. Lignin is used for these materials. It is the second most abundant natural organic polymer after cellulose in the world.
LÃvia Maria Leite da Silva
Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente (FEAM), MG. Brazil
Title: Study of solar hydro complementarity potential for electric generation in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Biography:
Civil Engineer at PUC Minas, Lawyer at University Salgado de Oliveira, MSc. in Environmental Management and Audit at European University Miguel de Cervantes, PhD student of Program Nuclear Science and Techniques of Department of Nuclear Engineering at UFMG. Environmental Analyst of State Environment Foundation (FEAM).
Abstract:
Nowadays, Brazil lives up to the challenge of meeting the increase consumption of electricity present in all sectors of society. For this purpose, it is required to use renewable energy sources as a promotional mechanism for sustainable development. However, the availability of these sources is often linked to natural factors such as rainfall, which show variation throughout the year. Thus, it has become interesting as to how we can utilize simultaneous more of renewable sources for generation purposes, to ensure the seasonal stabilization of energy supply and the reduction of environmental impacts arising from the installation of new transmission and distribution systems. Therefore, a study was conducted by the Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente - FEAM, to survey the potential complementarity of hydro and solar photovoltaic sources in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this state, the largest share of the electricity generated stems from hydro plants (about 85%). That was used for analysis of the solar potential available in areas where there are already Hydroelectric Power Plants - HPP (> 30MW) and Pequenas Centrais Hidroelétricas - PCH (1 MW - 30 MW) are installed. This work aims at an increase in the reliability of the electrical generating system and its viability, since there is the possibility of joint use of transmission systems already in operation. Previous analysis indicate a further strategic potential of the complementarity among solar generation and PCH, since this has a lower installed power, making them more compatible with the solar source, which has smaller amounts of hours of annual availability.
Luis Enrique Lambis Benitez
Stanford University School of Medicine,Colombia
Title: Performance and stability of rapidly degradable anaerobic digestion waste: Kitchen waste case study
Biography:
Luis Lambis is a Master of chemical engineering candidate from Universidad Industrial de Santander – Colombia.
Abstract:
The management of food waste is a challenging task due to its special nature of high moisture content and easy decay. Anaerobic digestion has been proven an efficient and green technology in disposing of different natures wastes. Anaerobic digestion of rapidly biodegradable waste, like kitchen waste, is limited by the amount of organic load the system can withstand without inhibited. In this sense, the feasibility of this technology depends on finding strategies for giving the substrate stability. To counteract the inhibition and to overcome the disadvantages in single digestion, co-digestion of food waste with Cattle manure was carried out. Organic load and mixture ratio were selected as key parameters in order to improve process stability and performance. A 22 factorial design was used to analyze the effect of the selected key parameters, using as levels: 10-17 g of volatile solid/l and 50:50 – 90:10 (in terms of volatile solids), for organic load and mixture ratio respectively. Anaerobic reactors were carried out in triplicate using 50 mL hermetically closed bottles at 39 ± 2 °C. A blank was used to determine the background methane yield of the inoculum. A mono-digestion control (only kitchen waste as substrate) was used as well. Methane volume production and volatile solid consumption were performance response variables. Total volatile fatty acids / Total alkalinity ratio and pH were stability response variables. The maximum methane yield of 0.94 m3 CH4/kg VS was obtain by reactors with a organic load of 10 g VS/l and 90:10 mixing ratio kitchen waste/ cattle manure. An increase of 29% compared to mono-digestion.
Chengjiu Guo
Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Title: Purification of Pb in pulping wastewater by reed wetland ecosystem
Biography:
Chengjiu Guo is a Professor at Shenyang Agricultural University. He is the Vice-Director of Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Station, a national Ecological observation & research station. He has published more than 30 papers and serving as a Chairman of the research team of soil and water conservation and desertification control in College of Water Conservancy.
Abstract:
Liaoning Shuangtai estuary wetland is the international key wetland which played an important role on purification of water quality of Liao River and the stability of regional climate. Based on sampling in this wetland and simulation experiments at the Shenyang Agricultural University lab pool, distribution characteristics of Pb in paper making wastewater, wetland soil and reeds tissue was analyzed respectively within a growing season. The removal rate of Pb was the highest by irrigation 20% concentration wastewater and the best removing effect emerged at jointing stage. For the same period, Pb content in water was least at 10 cm water depth and purifying effect was the most significant. The difference of Pb thermodynamics adsorption was remarkable in 10-40 cm depth soil. As the sampling depth increases the adsorption property of Pb was best in 10 cm soil depth where the purification effect was significant. Distribution characteristics Pb in Reed organization was different. The absorbing capability order of reed tissue to Pb was root>stem>leaves in the whole growth period.
Wei Wu
National Cheng Kung University,Taiwan
Title: Process design of hydrogen production, purification and compression subject to near-zero carbon emissions
Biography:
Wei Wu is a professor at Department of Chemical Engineering at National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. He holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. His research interests include Process Control; Chemical Process Integration and Optimization; Renewable Energy Systems Design.
Abstract:
Since the hydrogen production system includes reaction and separation processes, it commonly involves large temperature gradients. Overall minimum hot and cold utility targets required to achieve the saving energy are implemented in hydrogen production, industrial plants, and bioprocesses. Friedler indicated that energy saving, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions have become major technological, societal, and political issues. In particular, process integration has not been satisfactorily developed to solve various energy-related problems by using heat exchanger networks (HENs). In this article, the process design of hydrogen production, purification and compression is carried out in Aspen Plus environment. The hydrogen production process with a combination of a steam methane reforming (SMR) reactor, a carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CO2R) reactor and a water-gas-shift (WGS) reactor is presented. The process of hydrogen purification and compression (HPC) is developed to meet the specifications of high-pressure hydrogen storage and improve the energy efficiency. The oxy combustion combined with the heat exchanger network is integrated into the system to address near-zero carbon emissions. Hydrogen production process To develop the hydrogen production process with low carbon emissions, the SMR+CO2R+WGS process is utilized. Process of hydrogen purification, compression and carbon dioxide recovery For the objective of the hydrogen storage and CO2 recovery, the process of hydrogen purification, compression and carbon dioxide recovery (HPCC) is carried out. If it is connected to the SMR+CO2R+WGS processes, then the integrated process is named as the SCWH (SMR+CO2R+WGS+HPCC) process. Notably, the condensed water can be recycled and the feed of CO2 can be captured from the flue gas, and this high-pressure hydrogen production system can contribute to reduce carbon emissions. Regarding the oxy combustion approach, the oxygen required is separated from air prior to combustion and the fuel is combusted in oxygen diluted with recycled flue-gas rather than by air. This oxygen-rich, nitrogen-free atmosphere results in final flue-gases consisting mainly of CO2 and H2O (water), so producing a more concentrated CO2 stream for easier purification. Assumed that the QC6 is completely recovered, the Qneed of the whole processes is less than the corresponding QC6. Heat integration To reduce the external energy supply, the heat integration design using the heat exchanger networks (HENs) is a typical approach to achieve the maximum waste heat recovery. Using the hot/cold stream data, the design of HENs is applied to meet the maximum energy recovery, the heat-integrated system with HENs is done by using Aspen Energy Analyzer. This study examined an integration of hydrogen production and compression system subject to heat integration and carbon dioxide reduction. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The conceptual design of the hydrogen production process using SMR, CO2R and WGS is addressed in Aspen Plus environment. 2. The CO2R unit can consume extra CO2 and effectively enhance the hydrogen yield of the system. 3. The sensitivity analysis of operating variables with regard to feed conditions is investigated. 4. The optimal HEN meets the target of the maximum heat recovery, so it can reduce the utility load for cooling by 65% and heaters are not required.
Muhammad A Latif
University of Queensland, Australia
Title: Enhanced phosphorus release by low pH anaerobic digestion process
Biography:
Muhammad Asif Latif joined the AWMC in July 2012 as a PhD student researching the field of environmental engineering, particularly of the nutrients recovery in wastewater systems using anaerobic digestion approach. Asif completed his honour’s degree in agricultural engineering at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) Pakistan (2004). He worked with some textile companies in Pakistan for wastewater treatment before joining the Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Malaysia, where he graduated in 2011 with a degree of Masters of Engineering in Environmental Engineering. Before joining UQ, Asif also worked at Didaktik Engineering Works Malaysia as a design engineer, where he managed the R&D, biogas production and metering system design, process control and automation, project costing, project management and 3D designing of parts and instruments.
Abstract:
Lab scale anaerobic digesters were deployed to enhance in-reactor P solubility in a semi-continuous AD process at low pH conditions. The experiment was setup for five pH ranges of 7, 6.5, 6.0, 5.5 and 5.0 by applying a sludge retention time of 48 days (HRT 12days) at each pH condition. The pH was controlled and maintained automatically using PLC interface. Significant increase in soluble P (84% of total P) was observed between pH 5-5.5 and 50-62% of total P was released between pH 6-6.5. Whereas, control reactor (pH 7) showed a 43% release of total P. While methane yield was decreased at low pH but it did not affect the methane production rate but the extent of conversion of the residual organic matter into biogas. Methane loss at pH 6.5, 6, 5.5 and 5 was 20, 28, 29 and 38% respectively. Figure 1 shows the methane yield and concentration of soluble P at each pH compared to control. COD removal and VS removal were also affected in the same manner as methane yield at low pH. Total VFA and SCOD were respectively increased from 40 to 850 mg L-1 and 600 mg L-1 to 2700 mg L-1 from pH 7 to 5. This increase in the concentration of soluble organics is addressed due to an imbalance in the equilibrium between acidogenesis and methanogenesis where, production of intermediate products (butyric and propionic acids) was higher than their conversion into acetate. A post AD analysis of digested sludge’s at different pH conditions was also carried out via biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. BMP of low pH sludge’s have shown higher methane production than control. Low pH is suggested to be a suitable option which can reduce overhauling frequency, reactor shutdown and acid flushing to reduce precipitants.
Fangli Su
Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Title: Identifying and classifying pollution hotspots to guide watershed management in a large agricultural multiuse watershed
Biography:
Fangli Su has completed her Ph.D at the age of 30 years and postdoctoral studies from Shenyang Agricultural University. She is the vice-director of Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Station, a national Ecological observation & research station. She has published more than 30 papers and serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Large reservoirs are important source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Reservoir hydrology and water quality are central to the provisioning of these services and both are largely determined by the upstream watershed. Improved watershed management can be achieved by classifying sub watersheds by intensity and type of pollution threat and developing targeted management measures. In this study, we established an evaluation system based on 17 factors representing point and non-point source pollutant potential and environmental carrying capacity that are likely to affect water quality in the Dahuofang reservoir and watershed in northeastern China. We used entropy-based methods to rank 118 sub watersheds by potential pollution threat and clustered sub watersheds according to potential pollution type. As expected non-point source pollution is the most serious factor affecting water quality across the larger watershed, however combining ranking and clustering analyses allowed us to suggest specific areas for prioritized watershed management (in particular two sub watersheds with the greatest pollution potential) as well as to recommend conservation of current practices in other less vulnerable locations (91 small watersheds with low pollution potential). Finally, we identified the factor most likely to be influencing water quality for each of the 118 sub watersheds and suggest adaptive control measures for each location. These results provide a scientific basis for improving watershed management and sustainability for the Dahuofang reservoir as well as a framework for identifying threats and prioritizing management in the watersheds of large reservoirs around the world.
Ahmad Sedaghat
Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait
Title: Open pipe and nozzle external flows in drifted wind turbines
Biography:
Ahmad Sedaghat is an Associate Professor at Mechanical Engineering department at Australian College of Kuwait, Kuwait. His research interests include wind energy and Drifted wind turbine.
Abstract:
From the classical fluid mechanics, it is realized that nozzle devices will accelerate flows in internal flows. For application of such devices in innovative wind turbines such as shrouded or wind catcher ones, it is however required to study open nozzle or diffuser devices in external flows. In this work, some examples of short open pipes and nozzles in horizontal and vertical flow directions are studied using analytical and numerical methods. The analytical method is simply based on the application of Bernoulli equation with considering pressure losses within the devices. The numerical solution was obtained by solving the modelled RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) equations in two dimensional flows. The results indicate that the wind speed through the horizontal open nozzles and pipes are not increased by the area ratio and just retarded by the effects of pressure losses. In other words, no appreciable increase of downstream wind velocity is obtained compared with the freestream wind by using shrouded nozzle envelope for a horizontal axis wind turbine. For the vertical open nozzle and pipe flows, however, the effects of natural drift due to the height is more pronounced compared with ineffective area ratio of nozzle devices. This merely shows that the added gravity head will affect downstream flows and not the nozzle area ratio. It is concluded that the vertical wind collectors or wind concentrators in forms of nozzles or pipes designs such as INVELOX turbine concept are useful in utilizing gravity head for increasing low wind speeds through their natural drift mechanism. But the effects of natural drift are reduced to retard flow speed in high wind speeds. Hence, multiple nozzles with appropriate tower height may be usedto accelerate wind speed in similar designs.
Naveed Ullah
Korea University of Technology and Education, South Korea
Title: Hybrid generation system modelling by using MATLAB
Biography:
Naveed Ullah is currently pursuing his Masters in Electrical Engineering with specialization in Renewable Energy form Korea university of Technology and Education.
Abstract:
This paper presents the simulation and modeling of the double fed induction generator of wind turbine and electric power generation by using Solar Panel. The purpose is to find that how can we get the maximum power from the DFIG wind turbine and which type of photovoltaic solar panel give maximum efficiency, by changing the different factors used in wind turbine such as pitch angle, wind speed and controlling system of rotor and grid side as well as signing different types of photovoltaic solar panels.
Lifeng Li
Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Title: Effect of irrigation with paper making wastewater on heavy metals in wetland soil and the tread assessment
Biography:
Lifeng Li has been an associate professor in Shenyang Agricultural University since 2008. She is the leading researcher both of Liaoning Shuangtai estuary wetland station and wetland and water ecology research Group. She has published more than 10 papers and serving as a secretary of College of Science.
Abstract:
To study the accumulative rules of paper making wastewater irrigation on soil heavy metal in reed wetlands was very significant to effectively using paper making wastewater and controlling the heavy metal pollution. This article studied the seasonal variation regularity of heavy metal in the soil in Shuangtai estuarine reed wetland, effects of paper making wastewater on soil heavy metal was analyzed after irrigation three concentration of wastewater (300 mg•L-1,175 mg•L-1,50 mg•L-1) used the remnant model to forecast and assess the accumulation of heavy metal contaminations. The results showed that irrigation with paper making wastewater can increase the heavy metal content in soil. There was a significant correlation between the wastewater irrigation and wastewater consistence. There was a different vertical distribution rule. Between different heavy metals: The As, Pb were accumulated in middle level of soil (20~40 cm) and the content of Cd, Cu in each solum had a smaller change, the Ni were accumulated in lower medium level of soil with the deepening of solum, the content of Ni was decreased gradually. Every heavy metal in the test could accumulate in soil with 300 mg•L-1. After about 10 years of irrigation, the accumulated Cd in the soil was found to be higher than the first grade of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard. When irrigated with 50 mg•L-1potency, Pb, Ni, Cu accumulated lightly, after about 50 years of irrigation the accumulated Pb, Ni, Cu in the soil were found to be less than the first grade.
Hilary Owamah
Landmark University, Nigeria
Title: Development of an alternative simple model for the prediction of maximum biogas potential and digester stability analysis
Biography:
Hilary Owamah is a Faculty Member of Civil Engineering department at Landmark University.His areas of interest includes Wastewater Treatment, Water Analysis, Wastewater Engineering, Biological Wastewater Treatment and Remediation.
Abstract:
The modified Gompertz model has been popularly used for the prediction of maximum biogas production potential of substrates. However, the modified Gompertz equation is difficult to solve and can also not be used for the prediction of digester stability in simple terms. Maximum biogas production potential and stability assessment (MBPPSA) model were therefore developed in this study for the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and maize husk. The results of maximum biogas production potential (A) obtained using the MBPPSA model corresponded well with the results obtained using the popular but complex modified Gompertz model for digesters B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4, and B-5. The (If) value of MBPPSA model also showed that digesters B-3, B-4, and B-5 were stable, while B-1 and B-2 were unstable. Similar stability observation was also obtained using the modified Gompertz model. The MBPPSA model can therefore be used as alternative model for anaerobic digestion feasibility studies and plant design.
Martha Minale Yeshanew
University of Cassino and Southern Laizo, Italy
Title: Enhanced biogas and fertilizer production through anaerobic co-digestion sanitary wastewater and kitchen solid waste under ambient temperature: Waste generated from condominium house
Biography:
Martha Minale Yeshanew from Ethiopia, holds MSc degree in Environmental Engineering with the highest score in 2011 from Addis Ababa University. She was working as a school dean at Addis Ababa Science and Technology from 2011 to 2013. Currently she is an Erasmus mundus PhD student in the program of Environmental Technology for contaminated soils, sediments and solids (ETeCoS3) in University of Naples Federico (II), Italy. Her PhD research topic focusses on improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion using different technologies. She already published one scientific paper while other research activities were under review.
Abstract:
Addis Ababa is one of the fastest growing cities where high urbanization has become a challenge. The municipality has launched a huge condominium housing program in response to the housing shortage problem in the city. However, sanitary wastewater and solid waste management are the critical problems to those houses. The wastes were collected and evaluated for its biogas production and fertilizer potential to solve the foreseen waste management problems. The physicochemical characteristics of the collected wastes were determined. A laboratory scale batch anaerobic co-digestion of both wastes with different mix ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (sanitary wastewater: kitchen organic solid waste by volume) were carried out at ambient temperature for 30 days. The amount of biogas produced during the digestion period for those mixing ratios were compared. The physicochemical characteristics showed that kitchen wastes were rich in nutrients and easily biodegradable organic compounds. While sanitary wastewater contains high amount of nitrogen and trace metals, which makes the co-digestion of the two waste more attractive. Highest cumulative biogas yield of approximately 65.6L were obtained from 25:75 mix ratio, followed by 50:50,100:0, 25:75, and 0:100 with biogas productions 52.7, 50.0, 23.7 and 9.5 L, respectively. The percentage of methane gas during the study period was between 19.8-62.8%. With regard to the fertilizer potential of the digested sludge; composting and sun drying process were effective and helpful for land application by completely inactivating the pathogen.
Sanza Kazadi
Jisan Research Institute, USA
Title: Entrochemical thermal battery design for atmospheric heat collectors
Biography:
Dr. Sanza T. Kazadi is the founder of Jisan Research Institute (JRI) is a nonprofit only professional research laboratory for children located in Alhambra, California. Research at the Dr. His research interests is primarily focused around swarm engineering which is a field of engineering concerned with generating swarms utilizing a mathematically provable methodology. Applications of swarm engineering methodologies can be found in economics, mathematics, engineering, computer science, and sociology.
Abstract:
We present two novel design modifications to the basic entrochemical system which enable the generation of an entrochemical thermal battery. The inclusion of a passive mixing mechanism enables the continual disruption of the water layer that forms at the top of the saline solutions enhancing the overall thermal gradient. Embedding of one cell's cool side in the previous cell's warm side allows efficient conduction of thermal energy between the two effectively driving the additive property of the overall thermal gradient, the battery effect. We demonstrate that the passive mixing mechanism enhances performance generating a one-cell gradient of 18.3±0.3º C rather than a non-mixed gradient of 10.3±1.5º C. Using the battery effect, we are able to obtain a three-cell thermal gradient of 40.2±0.3º C. Using the current uninsulated chambers, a projected asymptotic thermal gradient of 64.71º C is determined for many independent cells.
Biography:
Elias A. Silveira works at the Fluids Mechanics Laboratory and Mechanical Engineering Faculty at Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil. His research interests include of photovoltaic application for energy generation and renewable energy for environment conservation.
Abstract:
Renewable energy can be found in multiple inexhaustible ways, for example: the sun, the wind, the water, among other ways. These different sources of energy are cheaper and cleaner than the convencional one, and has been used even by ancient civilizations. Using them it’s possible to promote cost saving, such as the wind energy to pump water and grind grain. At the moment, the search for green energy is increasing due to the sharp population growth, which it requires an increase in energy availability. Besides that, most of nowadays conventional ways of energy they are not renewable, and affect the environment in many different ways. There are several ways of obtain the renewable energy. However, a few of them are not viable economically, and in some cases they are not efficient enough in order to provide the necessary quantity of energy required by some complexes. Some examples are: commercial buildings, or even those residential buildings; malls; data centers and other major facilities. To overcome these limitations there are some researches on how to obtain the best technology combination to reach the high demand of the current world. The use of green energy in the developed countries has a participation in energy matrix of 13% in average, and 6% in countries in development, but in Brazil the energy matrix is composed of 75% renewable sources with the major part using water resources. In this way the country has one of the biggest and most important projects of green energy in the world, for example by the use of ethanol in fuel production.Besides ethanol, the country has been increasing impressively in the wind energy use. Nowadays Brazil produces 6 GW through wind farms which correspond to 4.5% of participation in the brazilian energy matrix and there is an expectation to reach 8% in 2018, and could reach 22.4 GW in 2023. The use of photovoltaic transformation in Brazil is still incipient due to the high price of photovoltaic cells panels. However, some small buildings are currently using widely the solar collectors panels for water heating. For eletricity production in Brazil, water resources are mainly used, which consist of approximately 65% of the brazilian energy matrix. However, as hydroelectric power stations require the construction of dams and depends on the water level. Soon there will not be enough available water in stream beds to generate sufficient eletricity to reach the country’s demand. Given this scenario, there is a policy energy in Brazil to estimulate the diversification of the energy matrix, based on regional characteristics. For example, the south and northeast of Brazil look for taking advantage of wind energy, while the Amazon region seeks to build bigger hydroeletric power stations. When it comes to producing green energy, it is necessary to emphasize that it is possible to produce significantly quantity of energy without emitting several tons of CO2, which is a significant help to preserve the enviroment. In the present work, a scenario of the “green energy†use in Brazil will be presented, as well as statistics, showing how are the prospects for the future.
Azza EL-Medany
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Title: Green tea extract: Its potential protective effect on Bleomycin induced lung injuries in rats
Biography:
Professor Azza El-Medany has obtained her PhD at age of 32 years from Alexandria University and postdoctoral studies from Alexandria University College of Medicine. She is a Professor of pharmacology & vice head of department of pharmacology, college of medicine , KSU. She published more than 40 papers in the areas of GIT, CVS, Natural products & toxicological researches in reputed journals and is currently serving as a member of a number of professional bodies.She is a recipient of special awards in scientific research & teaching. She was a speaker at numerous international conferences at Singapore, Japan,Brazil & USA.
Abstract:
Lung fibrosis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin. Current evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a key role in the development of lung fibrosis. The present work studied the effect of green tea extract on bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in rats. Animals were divided into three groups: Saline Control Group, Bleomycin Group in which rats were injected with bleomycin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) three times a week for four weeks and Bleomycin and Green Tea Group in which green tea extract was given to rats (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) a week prior to bleomycin and daily during bleomycin injections for 4 weeks until the end of the experiment. Bleomycin induced pulmonary injury and lung fibrosis that was indicated by increased lung hydroxyproline content, elevated nitric oxide synthase, myeoloperoxidase (MPO), platelet activating factor (PAF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α ), transforming growth factor 1β ( TGF1β ) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in lung tissues. On the other hand, bleomycin induced a reduction in reduced glutathione concentration (GSH). Moreover, bleomycin resulted in severe histological changes in lung tissues revealed as lymphocytes and neutrophils infiltration, increased collagen deposition and fibrosis. Co-administration of bleomycin and green tea extract reduced bleomycin induced lung injury as evaluated by the significant reduction in hydroxyproline content, nitric oxide synthase activity, levels of MPO, PAF & TNF-α & ACE in lung tissues. Furthermore, green tea extracts ameliorated bleomycin induced reduction in GSH concentration. Finally, histological evidences supported the ability of green tea extract to attenuate bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and consolidation. Thus, the finding of the present study provides that green tea may serve as a novel target for potential therapeutic treatment of lung fibrosis.
Alemayehu Gashaw
Bule Hora University, Ethiopia
Title: Co-digestion of municipal organic waste with night soil for biogas production: A review
Biography:
Alemayehu Gashaw Woldegiorgis was born in Ethiopia, Oromia, North Shoa zone and is currently working as a lecturer at Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.. He received his B.Ed. degree from Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia and M.Sc. degree from Bahir Dar University in Organic chemistry. His research has focused upon researchable title ‘Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Ethiopian food waste with cow dung’, which is generally not studied in Ethiopia due to different food available here compared to that available in other countries. My thesis research was on evaluation of the feasibility of biogas production from leftover food from the cafeteria of Bahir Dar University.
Abstract:
Currently, biogas production is one of the most promising renewable energy sources and it represents a very promising way to overcome the problem of waste treatment. Biogas, which is principally composed of methane and carbon dioxide, can be obtained by anaerobic fermentation of biomass such as manure, human excreta, sewage sludge and municipal solid wastes. Furthermore, the solid residuals of fermentation (the digested slurry) might be reused as fertilizer, to enhance the fertility of the soil. The prime advantages of biogas technology include (i) organic wastes with a low nutrient content can be degraded by co-digesting with different substrates in the anaerobic bioreactors, and (ii) the process simultaneously leads to low cost production of biogas, which could be vital for meeting future energy needs. This review clearly indicates that co-digestion of organic waste is one of the most effective biological processes to treat a wide variety of solid organic waste products and sludge as well as biogas production. In addition, it discussed the factors affecting biogas production.
Alice Ikuzwe
University of Pretoria, South-Africa
Title: A novel design of a day lighting system for a classroom in rural South Africa
Biography:
Alice Ikuzwe is a PhD student in Mechanical Engineering at University of Pretoria, South Africa. She holds undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Rwanda: College of Science and Technology and a PGD (Post-graduate Diploma) in Mathematical Sciences from African Institute for mathematical Sciences in joint collaboration with University of Stellenbosch, South-Africa. She holds a Masters of Engineering (MEng) in Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering from the University of Stellenbosch. Her fields of research are solar energy systems and renewable energy.
Abstract:
Nowadays, there exist many innovative day lighting technologies which could be used to enhance natural illumination for buildings that use more electric light during the day such as schools, industrial buildings. This study describes the passive zenithal light pipe day lighting technology’s performance through the scale model method. The yield of passive zenithal light pipe was improved and was achieved by incorporating a light collimator in the light pipe. Through the design and fabrication of the light collimator, illuminance in the classroom has been improved from 178 lux distributed by commercial diffuser to 370 lux (illuminance average from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. under sunny days from October to December 2013). A range of reflector materials were tested on the interior lining of the collimator for consistent illuminance distribution and it was discovered that rough re-used aluminum cooking foil distributed uniformly and increased illuminance. All data used has been obtained from measurements at a test location in Stellenbosch, South Africa throughout year.
Haifu Li
Shenyang Agricultural University, China
Title: Effects of paper mill wastewater on seedling growth and the antioxidant system of reeds
Biography:
Haifu Li has completed his MSc at the age of 25 years from Shenyang Agricultural University and worked in this University since 2013. He is the leading researcher of Liaoning Shuangtai estuary wetland station, a national Ecological observation & research station. He has published more than 10 papers and currently serves as a secretary of College of water conservancy.
Abstract:
The effects of different concentrations of wastewater (chemical oxygen demands of 300, 175 and 50 mg•L-1) from a paper mill on seedling growth and the antioxidant system in reeds were tested in experimental pools that simulated the wetland ecosystem of the Liaoning Shuangtai estuary in China. Root length, biomass and moisture content, but not shoot moisture content and plant height, significantly increased with increases in wastewater concentration. At a concentration of 300 mg•L-1, shoot biomass increased by 52.5% and root biomass increased by 73.05% over the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, production rate of superoxide anions (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content all decreased with increasing concentration. At 300 mg•L-1, MDA content, production rate of O2•- and H2O2 content were 0.34, 0.24 and 0.16 times, respectively, those of the control in leaves and were 0.25, 0.19 and 0.17 times, respectively, those of the control in roots. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities and ascorbic acid and glutathione contents in leaves and roots significantly increased with increasing concentrations of wastewater. These results suggest that a concentration of 300 mg•L-1 could improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the generation of MDA, thus effectively alleviating the damage caused by salinity in wetland soil.
Erika Elizabeth Barbosa Mireles
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Léon, México
Title: Isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial consortium for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil
Biography:
Erika Elizabeth Barbosa Mireles is a Biological Pharmaceutical Chemist in the Faculty of Sciences Chemicals,UJED since 2012. She is currently perusing M.Sc. in Applied Microbiology from Univesidad Autonoma de Nuevo Léon at Monterrey, Mexico.
Abstract:
Contamination of water and soil by hydrocarbons has increased in recent years. Hydrocarbons are widely known to be extremely polluting with toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic potential for humans while concern increases due to the difficulty to removing these compounds from the environment. This type of environmental contingencies arise direct effects on biota, since oil contains toxic chemicals that cause damage to plants, animals and humans but mainly on populations of microorganisms which represent an important part of the ecosystem and are key processes biogeochemicals. As an alternative to this problem bioremediation born; environmental technology as its main advantage is its versatility as it is a natural process of environmental self-sanitation and can adapt to the needs of each site. The denominated “hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria†are categorized according to the carbon source used when they are able to grow with alternative carbon sources. A number of these bacteria may yet be undiscovered and this bacterial can be used with the bioaugmentation technical to enhance the rate of remediation of contaminated natural systems by adding specific microorganisms to the system in this work used the “bacterial hydrocarbonoclasticâ€. Mexico is known for being one of world’s biggest oil producers and within its territory a number of natural oil seeps are found. In sites with these characteristics are known to exist hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial which have the distinctive ability to survive with hydrocarbons alone as carbon source (food) and facilitate mineralization by forming organic compounds more labile by breaking bonds. Due to the unique characteristics of these microorganisms, their use in soil environmental reclamation programs could be assumed.
Jacob Masiala Ngoy
University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Title: Influence of moisture on multi-walled carbon nanotube with polyaspartamide for CO2 capture
Biography:
Jacob Masiala Ngoy is a chemical engineer of formation, with specialization in nanotechnology: the application of nanotechnology in drug delivery in order to improve the cancer therapy. Today with the same nanotechnology application, under Norwegian Petroleum Energy (Norad EnPe) grant, he has improved the adsorption technology for CO2 capture through a tailor-made adsorbent. This was a PhD project he has been working on since 2012, and now is an achievement in the chemical engineering department at the University of the Witwatersrand. He has been supervising MSc and BSc projects and also works as an occasional postgraduate lecturer for CO2 sorption technology.
Abstract:
Global warming caused by the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere constitutes today a threat to life sustainability. Most of the energy throughout the world is generated by fossil fuel power plants which exhaust significant amount of GHG in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is being investigated for the reintegration of fossil fuel utilization in view of environment clean up where the renewable energy takes advantage. However, technologies for the separation of CO2 from flue gas require a feat of engineering for efficient achievement. This work provides an advanced adsorption technology through a novel adsorbent, MWNT-PAA, designed from the non-covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by polyaspartamide (PAA) as product of ethylenediamine (EDA) grafted to polysuccinimide (PSI). The adsorbent MWNT-PAA was demonstrated to be highly water tolerant in the temperature range 25-55℃ with a pressure of 110kpa, where the CO2 adsorption capacity increased with the increase of moisture in the adsorbent. After 10 cycles of adsorption-desorption, the MWNT-PAA showed a stable regenerability with a desorption temperature of 100℃ and 99% recovery. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study of MWNT-PAA through heat flow results confirmed the exothermicity of the adsorption process with a higher heat release of 5600kJ/kg compared to desorption process where a very low heat was absorbed (580kJ/kg) to confirm the endothermicity of the process. Thus, the TSA system could release 5000kJ/kg as heat flow balance. This gives the adsorbent MWNT-PAA a large advantage for the energy efficiency.
André Luiz de Carvalho
Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
Title: Climate changes and sugarcane productivity in northeastern region of Brazil
Biography:
André Luiz de Carvalho has completed his Ph.D in Energy and Nuclear Technologies at the age of 30 years from Federal University of Pernambuco and postdoctoral studies from Federal University of Alagoas, in Brazil. He has experience in agrometeorology, solar radiation and climate modeling and biogeochemistry and he has published some papers in journals about meteorology and climatology, including issues related to the impacts of climate changes on agriculture.
Abstract:
Climate changes have stimulated the increase in the use of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels, because their lower impact on the climate. Biomass is one of the main renewable energy sources, especially sugarcane that is used for production of ethanol and thermal energy. In northeastern Brazil, sugarcane is grown in the Atlantic Forest region (Zona da Mata), mainly between Alagoas and ParaÃba states. This region presents great rainfall variability, with high precipitation in coastal strip, favoring sugarcane cultivation. However, some areas have high water deficit, especially in the north portion of northeastern region. In these areas, sugarcane cultivation is limited and may become even drier in the future, according to the climate change projections generated by the main global circulation models. Thus, computational models like Century model, simulating carbon cycle and nutrients dynamics in agricultural and forestry systems have been used to reproduce sugarcane behavior on several management and climate scenarios. These simulations aim to generate prior information of production to allow the adoption of adaptation strategies to avoid losses in the future. Climate scenarios projected by global climate models and regionalized for specific areas by the Eta/CPTEC model are used to simulate sugarcane potential productivity in future climate. Climate scenarios are based on greenhouse gas emission projections defined by the IPCC: A2 scenario (high emissions) and B2 (low emissions). The combined use of crop simulation models in agronomic systems with climate scenarios can become viable further analysis of the possible impacts of climate changes on potential sugarcane yield.
Flocerfida Amaya
University of Perpetual Help System Laguna, Philippines
Title: Life cycle assessment of water reuse in Laguna international industrial park: The Philippines
Biography:
Flocerfida L. Amaya is currently serving as Dean, College of Eng'g at University of Perpetual Help System Laguna, Philippines.
Abstract:
Life Cycle Assessment was applied to assess the water balance of selected locators in Laguna International Industrial Park Inc. and as a management tool to evaluate the overall impacts of each of the processes involved. The knowledge about life cycle assessment and industrial ecology is one of the building blocks of sustainability of water reuse in LIIP. Most of the locators do not consider yet ecological sustainability due to their limited knowledge of industrial ecology. Although most of the Pollution Control Officers are not that informed about industrial ecology and life cycle assessment, they are willing to disclose their data on volume of ground freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge. There are locators who have pre-treatment process due to their high quality requirements of water and they just discharge this pre-treated water directly to the Centralized Sewage Treatment Plant. In consonance to this, there are locators who are using water for their auxiliary operations which do not require high quality of water. Evaluation results showed that industrial ecology can be applied to selected locators so they can reduce their groundwater consumption and volume of discharged wastewater. It was identified that barriers in closing the water loop in LIIP are due to abundance of freshwater supply and its cheaper cost.
Omeje Maxwell
Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia
Title: Tectonic and radioactivity impacts of 238U on groundwater based drinking Water at Gosa and Lugbe Area of Abuja, North Central Nigeria
Biography:
Omeje Maxwell works in the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.His research interests include radiation Detection, Environmental Radioactivity and application of radioactivity for detection of chemical toxicity risk of ground water.
Abstract:
Tectonic contribution of activity level of 238U in groundwater based drinking water in Gosa and Lugbe area of Abuja were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS). The highest activity level of 2736 Bq L-1 reported in Lugbe borehole whereas the lowest value of 443 Bq L‒1 reported at Gosa borehole. The inhabitants permanently used water from the boreholes for daily consumption. The group receives 5.55 x 10‒5 mSv of the annual collective effective dose due to 238U in drinking water. The radiological risks of 238U in the water samples were found to be low, typically in magnitude of 10−7 with cancer mortality value of 1.03 × 10‒7and morbidity value of 1.57 x 10‒7. The chemical toxicity risk of 238U in drinking water over a life time consumption has a mean value of 4.0 x 10ï€3 μg kg‒1 day‒1 . It could be that the human risk due to 238U content in groundwater supplies from ingestion may likely be the chemical toxicity of 238U as a heavy metal rather than radiological risk. Significantly, Lugbe subsurface may have developed some fractions of granitic strata that contributed to the distribution of radioactive of 238U in tectonically weak zones.
Nguyen Thai Hoa
Kyoto University, Japan
Title: A proposal of the low carbon development strategies for Haiphong city, Vietnam
Biography:
Nguyen Thai Hoa is a program specific researcher at Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan. Her research interests include development of low carbon development strategies and scenarios.
Abstract:
Haiphong is known as the third largest city of Vietnam and a largest ocean port in the North and has an important position in economy development strategy of Vietnam government. As part of Viet Nam Green Growth Strategy 2011-2020 and under the Conclusion No.72-KL/TW, Haiphong is taking the lead in awareness raising and taking action to become the first "Green Port City" in Viet Nam by 2020. Haiphong city need to promulgate action plans to concretize that idea of Green Port City. This action plan is necessary and should be integrated with the middle- and long-term master plan of socio-economic development, specific sectorial development plans including transportation, industry, waste management, power and agriculture. The objectives of this study are: (1) to design a low carbon city for Haiphong; (2) to support the vision of building Haiphong as a green city. The method of the study involves development of CO2 emission inventory, and quantification of socio-economic activity level in 2020. We used ExSS as a tool for estimation and two scenarios are set, namely 2020BaU (Business as Usual) and 2020CM (CounterMeasure). The results showed that the amount of CO2 emission is less by 27% in 2020CM than 2020BaU. By decomposing the emission reduction countermeasures in 2020CM, it showed that the main pathways to reduce CO2 emissions are the advanced energy efficiency, more public transportation share in the city and the power sector structure adjustment with the emission reduction contribution rates are 38.3%, 28.2% and 15.2%, respectively. We expect this study is useful and supported for researchers, policy makers to see a clear vision of building green growth climate change action plans and to develop proposals for implementing those plans.
Hamad Al-Mebayedh
Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait
Title: Reviewing the quality of the environmental impact assessment (EIA)
Biography:
Hamad al Mebayedh is a highly skilled petroleum, environment, energy, and construction senior projects engineer, with a proven record of success in driving major environmental projects strategies and plan, dealings with government leaders and corporate management. Experienced at coordinating and overseeing culturally diverse and widely distributed environmental project teams. Outstanding history in developing major oil companies environmental strategies, procedures and standards. He holds Master of Science in Drilling and Well Design Engineering and Master of Science in Construction Project Management from Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland.He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) in Civil and Structural Engineering and Post-Graduate Programme in Safety Engineering, Reliability and Risk Management from University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Abstract:
Organizations involved in construction and development projects have to use Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. The overall success of the EIA process depends on the quality of the EIA document. This paper addresses the main consolidation areas concerning improving and reviewing the quality control within the EIA process, and provides guideline for reviewing the quality of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) document. The objectives of this Guideline are; ensuring existence of key requirements in the EIA document, to determine the important issues and alternatives that should be examined in EIA report, Identify the nature and severity of the significant environmental impacts associated with the project, to serve as a detailed terms of reference (TOR) for EIA studies in projects, and to determine whether the information provided is adequate for decision making. The Purpose of this research paper is to assist in the review of EIA reports and ensure a high level of quality is achieved, to enhance the quality of the EIA reports in order to achieve the desired success of HSE measures in the projects, and to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, specifically EPA, and HSEMS procedures.
Biography:
Dr. Kharseh is working on utilizing renewable energy resource for reducing fossil-fuel energy consumption with expertise in the energy systems, heat transfer, and renewable energy analysis. He currently works on an international collaboration between McGill University (Canada) and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department at Qatar University on exploiting available renewable energy resources in Qatar. Altogether, Dr. Kharseh has his own Swedish patent in renewable energy filed and applying for a new one. He is also an energy consultant of a Swedish company that is proving a smart energy solution.
Abstract:
Owing to the awareness of the impact of global warming, there has been a growing interest in studying the relationship between human activities and climate change. Observations provide evidence that rising atmospheric CO2 level, which has increased by 25% last century caused by human activities, are associated with rising global temperature. This air pollutant makes planet's climate system more unstable. Review of the literature confirms that climate change has consequences of on public health. Although, some of these health impacts of climate change would be beneficial (e.g., reduce the seasonal wintertime peak in deaths in temperate countries), scientists believe that most of the health impacts would be detrimental. Climate change directly increases water temperature, which it is an important cause of increasing waterborne disease, and enhances the potential for contamination by means of flooding. According to WHO, three million people annually die worldwide as a direct result of air pollution. The United Nations Environment Program acknowledges that deteriorating environmental conditions are responsible for 25% of all preventable ill health. About 5% of deaths and diseases globally are attributed to air pollution. Additionally, extreme climate events such as droughts, floods, or hurricanes, which are expected to become more frequent, have great impact on public health and life quality especially in poor countries. The currents presentation shows evidences, causes, and identify climate changes effect on public health and economic; as well as review a number of actions and mitigations that can reduce or prevent adverse health outcomes related to climate change.
Mahmoud Salari
Texas Tech University, United States of America
Title: The effect of changing ethanol production on the area harvested and CO2 emissions
Biography:
Mahmoud Salari is an instructor at Department Of Economics, Texas Tech University, USA. His areas of interest are Global trade analysis, CO2 emissions and Ethanol production.
Abstract:
Biofuel production has been increasing dramatically in the last decade. Recently several countries have introduced mandates and targets for ethanol expansion. This paper investigates the recent developments in ethanol production and its impact on the area harvested and CO2 emissions for the producer countries and the rest of the world. This paper defines three scenarios that examined 50%, 100% and 150% increasing ethanol production respectively in the world which are modeled in GTAP-BIO. The results show that the increasing production of ethanol has different impacts on the area harvested and CO2 emissions in different areas. In all defined scenarios, the largest change is related to the amount of cereal grains. The findings demonstrate that increasing ethanol production from biofuels resulted in CO2 emission mitigation in the producers’ countries and increasing CO2 emissions in the rest of the world. This paper shows increasing ethanol production resulted in CO2 emission mitigation for the United States, while observing reduction in the CO2 emissions for the whole economy.
Hamad Al-Mebayedh
Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait
Title: Climate changes and its effects on the Arab area
Biography:
Hamad al Mebayedh is a highly skilled petroleum, environment, energy, and construction senior projects engineer, with a proven record of success in driving major environmental projects strategies and plan, dealings with government leaders and corporate management. Experienced at coordinating and overseeing culturally diverse and widely distributed environmental project teams. Outstanding history in developing major oil companies environmental strategies, procedures and standards. He holds Master of Science in Drilling and Well Design Engineering and Master of Science in Construction Project Management from Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland.He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) in Civil and Structural Engineering and Post-Graduate Programme in Safety Engineering, Reliability and Risk Management from University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Abstract:
Climate change is a phenomenon of concern not only to countries in the Arab World but also to all countries all over the world, though the Arab region is at a disadvantage due to its predisposition to harsh climatic conditions. The energy sector is the main contributor to climate change, which in turn results in changes in water quality and quantity, sea level, human health, food production, tourism and security. Arab World counties have attempted to adapt to or mitigate the effects of climate change; but there are numerous challenges that they must overcome in order to keep up with these changes. Some mitigation factors in the industrial sector and building sector, mainly those in search of substitute fuels to oil are far-reaching if the countries can cooperate in their efforts. Since the area has resources to implement comprehensive changes, it is recommended that stakeholders work together in order to achieve synchrony in their efforts.
Pedro Nunes de Freitas
Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Title: Environmental controls in heritage buildings: the case study of “baixa pombalina’s†units, in Lisbon.
Biography:
Pedro Nunes de Freitas is currently serving as a Professor at Universidade de Évora, Lisbon, Portugal. His research areas include Architecture, Planning and green buildings.
Abstract:
“Baixa Pombalinaâ€, the downtown and historic district of Lisbon is one of the most important pieces of urbanism and architecture ever built in Portugal and is at present time a UNESCO World Heritage nominates those buildings were built after the great earthquake of 1755, for housing, commercial and services functions. And they constitute a rational and functional approach for health and comfort to their residents, translating the state-of-the-art of architecture at the time, through the use of lighting and natural ventilation. In this research study, buildings of “Baixa†are observed as a scenario where residents of 21st Century live in spatial and built structures of 18th Century. This paper is about environmental controls within current thermal and lighting performance of “Baixa Pombalina†buildings. It analyses the efficacy of those buildings from the passive design point of view as well as the habits of its occupants in controlling and regulating the devices available in “Baixa†buildings at present time. A questionnaire model was developed to study bioclimatic performance of offices and residences selected in “Baixaâ€. And field work involved a survey where workers of fifteen offices and residents of five houses have participated. Results demonstrate that in buildings of Baixa, controls are used less interactively during winter season and more interactively during summer season. Results indicate that in the Lisbon climate, it is mainly during the summer season that controls have a major role in thermal performance of these in heritage buildings.
Suhas B. Dhande
K.R. Sapkal College of Management Studies, India
Title: Energy Conservation: Adapt to the nature
Biography:
Suhas B. Dhande is the Director at K.R. Sapkal College of Management Studies, Nashik, India. He is Academic Research Coordinator (ARC) for BCUD, University of Pune and has published various papers in National & International Conferences & chaired sessions. He has industrial expertise of about 18 years in Research & Development under Automotive Sector at Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.
Abstract:
In the current scenario of worldwide emerging need of energy conservation, various renewable energy sources are being explored, tested, some are under development and some are already in practical use, partially or fully. No doubt, it is the need of the hour. Many a times, very simple solutions can give answers to the complex questions. This paper tries to focus such simple solutions to the issue of energy utilisations and conservation. If human being adapts to the nature, follow the nature, lot of energy requirement can be bring down. This energy saved will be energy earned. This will reduce the burden on the energy conservation issue. Nature prompts us very efficient way of optimization. Human being used to follow the same path till recent years. But technology gave human being over-confidence and so he started dis-obeying the laws of nature, rather exploiting them. This is the crucial time to think seriously, understand the limitations of human being and technology, so as to adapt to the natural principles of nature. This will help conserve all- the nature, the human beings and all the living beings. The paper explores various ways how human being can adapt to the natural principles of nature and how the approach can contribute to the issue of energy conservation.
Zhonghua Zhang
Beijing Institute of Technology,China
Title: Embodied carbon in china’s foreign trade: A literature review based on online SCI-E and SSCI
Biography:
Zhonghua Zhang is now a PhD candidate at the age of 31 years from Beijing Institute of Technology. He has run a company for 5 years as a CEO. His research interest are energy economics; international economics; environmental and resource economics; international trade and climate change. Two of his papers has been published in reputed journals and other 2 papers are under review. He has been serving as Peer Reviewer for 2 journals.
Abstract:
This paper systematically presents a survey of the empirical literature on the embodied carbon in China’s foreign trade (ECCT). The latest publications regarding ECCT in peer-reviewed journals are summarized based on the bibliometric method and the online versions of Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Publications referring to ECCT are assessed with respect to quantities, most productive countries, institutions, authors, citations and disciplines. By using synthetic analysis of keyword frequency, this study reveals the most popular methodologies applied to measure the ECCT; it also discusses the variation of numerical results in the literature as well as the reasons and counter measures for the uncertainties in the results. Continuous investigation of the literature suggests that the methodology employed to measure the ECCT has become more reasonable with the results becoming more critical. However, the numerical results of the ECCT have shown great discrepancies within a given year because of different considerations on methodology specification, accounting principles and data sources and processing. For instance, the estimates of CO2 emissions embodied in the exports of China in 2007 changed from 478 Mt to over 3,000 Mt whereas those for its imports ranged from 140 Mt to over 1,700 Mt. Moreover, the results with respect to the balance of CO2 emissions embodied in the foreign trade of China in 2007 varied between over 100 Mt and 2,900 Mt. Hence, overcoming the inherent data limitations in China and improvements in calculating the ECCT should be urgently considered.
Modeste Kameni
University of Yaounde, Cameroon
Title: A review of the resource potential and energy efficiency in the building codes of Cameroon
Biography:
Modeste Kameni works at Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. His research interests include Energy efficiency, Potentials of the resources and green buildings.
Abstract:
Today, more than ever, the human energy requirements are enormous and still growing. All the countries of the world need energy which is the main source of development. The development of African continent is still very slow; it is mainly due to the limited policy interest and investment levels. The effective use of energy is crucial because of the continuous depletion of energy resources especially for developing countries which are currently experiencing rapid economic and population growth. The aim of this paper is to review the status and current trends of potential of the resources, energy consumption and energy policies in the residential sector both globally and in those of Cameroon. It was found that the world’s energy needs are constantly growing and should exceed 50% of current levels by 2030. Africa has substantial new renewable energy resources, most of which are under-exploited. We found that 83% of the rural population in Africa has no access to electricity. This rate reached 92% in some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which is against 70% for South Asia. Especially in Cameroon, the energy consumption in the residential sector is about 70% of the total energy consumption. This rate is higher compared to the world level that is around 27%. The energy efficiency is very important in the context of sustainable development. Traditional biomass is the main source of energy in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Barham S. Mahmood
Koya University, Iraq
Title: Optimization of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifer using the Raven software
Biography:
Barham is an Assistant Lecturer in Petroleum Engineering Department at Faculty of Engineering, Koya University. He received his bachelor’s degree in Petroleum Engineering from Koya University in 2011. He started working as a junior petroleum engineer in the faculty of engineering since Nov 2011. He received his Masters in Petroleum Engineering from the Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering in 2014.
Abstract:
Determining storage capacity in a deep saline aquifer is constrained by the capability of the formation to disperse additional pressure which is generated by CO2 injection (pressure build-up)and migration of CO2 at the edge of the aquifers (CO2 leakage) . Therefore, in order to accurately predict the storage capacity it is important to consider these two factors before a CO2 project proceed. In term of optimization scenario for CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers, it is usually focused on the key optimization parameters such as well location, number of well, well completion and injection rate to obtain a desire injectivity, maximize CO2 storage as much as possible and provide risk assessment with reasonable confidence In this project two cases were considered. An optimization study has been carried out in one sector of Bunter model (Dome A) and among the relevant parameters mentioned above three parameters has been optimized; injection rate, well location and well completion by applying multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm using Raven software. The result of this study shows that in case two when changing the number of wells from 5 to 7 injectors the possible storage capacity for dome A is increased from 139 Mt to 145 Mt. However, the maximum CO2 leakage did not reach the criterion of 0.1%/year. Thus, to determine the maximum safe volume of CO2 further extended CO2 injection is required. In terms of pressure build-up, the result shows that the well bottom-hole pressure in observation well for both cases never exceed the fracture pressure of the Bunter formation. The result also indicates that the MOPSO algorithm is promising in obtaining the desired objective to improve storage capacity significantly while reducing the pressure build-up and CO2 migration.
Nida Rabab
Institute of Business Management, Pakistan
Title: Impact on vegetables irrigated with municipal and industrial wastewater from Korangi drain near IOBM, Karachi
Biography:
Nida Rabab from Pakistan is an MBA graduate in Environmental and Energy Management from Institute of Business Management, Karachi, 2014. She has worked as a research assistant at IoBM, Pakistan for the completion of the research project. She has completed her final year Internship from Civil Aviation Pakistan. She also holds an individual membership of WWF Pakistan.
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to assess the impact on vegetables irrigated with municipal and industrial wastewater from Korangi Drain near IOBM, Karachi. Some vegetables are grown using sewage and industrial wastewater laden with alarmingly high levels of heavy metals and bacteriological contamination. Maximum concentration of lead was found in spinach 8.20 mg/l as against safe limits of 0.01 mg/l and maximum nickel concentration was found in banana 3.114 mg/l as against 0.02 mg/l, whereas all vegetables were invariably bacteriologically contaminated much beyond safe limits. Appropriate legislations in Sindh aided with competent manpower for rigorous monitoring to gauge the harmful impact on vegetables grown with untreated municipal and industrial wastewater is essential to effectively combat the these problems of growing vegetables. The discharge of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater through Korangi Drain into fresh water bodies of Karachi coast should be banned to save the coast from becoming hypoxic and causing irreparable loss to marine life.