Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Peter Novak
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Keynote: Energy and Sustainable Renevable Energy System with Chemical Storage
Time : 09:00-09:30
Biography:
Peter NOVAK completed his Ph.D. degree in Technical Sciences, University of Belgrade in 1975. Peter NOVAK was professor for HVAC, Renewable energy and Environment and dean at Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana. Hi is professor emeritus of Faculty for technology and systems, Novo mesto. Hi is owner of consultant company Energotech. At present is involved in preparation of energy concept of Slovenia for Slovenian government. He is associated with ASHRAE (Fellow and Life member). In the International Institute of Refrigeration served eight years as president of Commission E1 for Air Conditioning (now Honorary Member of IIR) and past Vice chairman of Scientific Committee at European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen (2012-2016). Hi is also honorary member of REHVA, SLOSE, and SITHOK. More than twelve years hi was served as member of Environmental Council of Slovenia.
Abstract:
Quality measure for of energy is exergy. Amount of exergy in energy carriers is very different and prices includs value of quantity and not of the energy quality. Exergy is measure for quality of energy, because the only part of energy available to do work is exergy. Transition to sustainable energy system, without GHG emissions, based on RE, open the questions how to evaluate exergy from solar energy. Solar energy in all form (irradiation, water flows, wind, and biomass) consists from nearly 100% of exergy. Solar energy is for free, conversion systems are not. To exploit at maximum the present infrastructure there is common agreement that we need sustainable energy system with four main energy carriers: electricity, gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. Our vision is the new Sustainable Energy System (SES) based on the biomass carbon recycling using solar and planetary energy for electricity and hydrogen production. SES is based on the existing infrastructure and known chemical processes. With regards to availability of renewable energy resources (RES) it is unrestricted in comparison to present fossil fuels use. The proposed SES consists of the three main energy carriers: electricity, synthetic methane (CH4) and synthetic methanol (CH3OH). Tha last two present also the chemical storage of solar energy.
Keynote Forum
Cliff Dansoh
Kingston University. London. UK
Keynote: The viability of renewable energy and energy storage for the provision of power for desalination
Time : 09:30-10:00
Biography:
Dr Dansoh is a Chartered PhD qualified engineer with over 30 years’ experience in multi discipline industrial environments. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in renewable energy technologies at Kingston University in London and his subject areas of interest include biomass and biofuels, fuel cells and hydrogen, wind and solar power and ocean energy systems, such as wave and tidal power. Before entering academia in 2016, he worked in a variety of roles where he gained extensive engineering experience in the maritime environment, and of managing maritime operations, combined with ten years’ risk management experience within large transportation infrastructure projects.
Abstract:
This research investigates the viability of renewable energy and energy storage to meet a significant and fundamental human need (in this case, large-scale drinking water supplies) unassisted by conventional power. The use of renewable energy to power reverse osmosis desalination plants to provide potable water for around 50,000 people in Newhaven, in South East England, and in Massawa in Eritrea, was investigated. The following energy sources, in a variety of combinations were specifically assessed: • Wind Power • Wave Power • Solar Power • Tidal Current Power • Hydrogen production, storage and use in Fuel Cells The following types of reverse osmosis plants were studied: • No Brine Stream Recovery (BSR) reverse osmosis plant • Pelton Wheel BSR reverse osmosis plant • Pressure Exchanger BSR reverse osmosis plant Modelling was conducted to derive the amount of water that each reverse osmosis plant would deliver from various combinations and amounts of renewable power input, at varying feedwater temperatures. The cost of the scenarios that were able to meet the users’ water demands were compared with the costs associated with the equivalent conventionally-powered scenario over a 25-year life. Specifically, the following were considered: A coal-fired plant with carbon capture and storage (CCS) at Newhaven and A diesel generator at Massawa. This comparison was made with and without the external costs associated with conventional energy production and use. A comparison of the most financially-attractive renewable energy option and the equivalent conventionally-powered scenario at Massawa was undertaken, based on Net Present Value (NPV) methodology.
Keynote Forum
Annarita Salladini
Processi Innovativi srl, Rome Italy
Keynote: Waste to methanol conversion: the bio-methanol circular economy
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Annarita Salladini is a Project Manager currently working for Processi Innovativi, an engineering company owned by KT-Kinetics Technology (Rome, Italy). She received M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering and Ph.D. both from the University of L’Aquila (Italy). She joined Processi Innovativi on 2009 and since then she was involved in R&D project and Engineering Project focused on hydrogen production, renewable energy exploitation, waste conversion processes. Since 2011 she is tutor assistant at the University Campus Biomedico of Rome in the field of Analysis and Simulation of industrial chemical processes. She co-authored several scientific papers in refereed journals and chapters on international books.
Abstract:
With the increasing of population, waste management is becoming more and more a serious problem. The conversion of municipal solid wastes into a valuable and large consumer product could be a successful strategy. On this scenario the waste to bio-methanol route may be a valid alternative to a WtE concept, providing not only an effective waste disposal system but also contributing to the reduction of the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. The proposed technology infact may account for a reduction of GHG emission up to 54% if compared to waste incinerator and conventional methanol production systems. Main steps involved in this conversion process include high temperature RDF gasification, syngas purification treatment and conditioning up to methanol synthesis. The strength of the proposed technology is enclosed in the gasification method itself, where the adopted operating conditions avoid any production of toxic substances. Moreover the produced syngas is synthesized into methanol molecule and any discharge to the chimney is avoided. When no other external sources are involved, about 50% of the carbon incoming with waste is fixed into methanol product with a synthesis conversion ratio equal to 2.4 ton of RDF per Ton of methanol. The resulted purified biofuel-grade methanol could impact on the market with about 450 €/ton price by exploiting the double counting directive, making it more catching in a bio-fuel economic view. The techno-economic analysis showed that the proposed technology is a valuable and sustainable example of a circular economy, approaching the target of a zero-emission plant.
Keynote Forum
Giuliano Dall’O’
Politecnico di Milan, Italy
Keynote: Sustainable Architecture in Italy: An overview on green architecture according to LEED Protocols
Time : 10: 30-11:00
Biography:
Giuliano Dall’O’ is an Associate professor in Buildings Physics at Politecnico di Milan and an expert and consultant in many areas relevant to energy conservation, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies in buildings. In the areas relevant to energy certification of buildings Giuliano is one of the leading experts at national (Italian) but also European level. Giuliano is an expert, in the professional field, in the following subjects: Energy and Sustainable Planning, Sustainable Energy Action PLan, Energy Certificationof Buildings, Energy Audit and Green Energy Audit of Buildings, Zero Energy Building Design and LEED Certification.
Abstract:
In recent years, green architecture is spreading around the world, reflecting a more conscious approach to sustainability by architects but also by the real estate market. Although the market growth of green buildings in many cases it is not fast, the feeling is that we have passed a point of no return and that green architecture is no longer considered experimental architecture, but a practice that is consolidating. The introduction and dissemination of international environmental certification protocols such as LEED has certainly helped to steer the market towards building recognizable models in which performance can be measured and/or evaluated on the basis of uniform criteria. The Protocols, however, necessarily introducing the elements of rigidity could modify the architectural choices, in other words, they may contaminate the Architecture of buildings. Contamination may be positive, if a certi cation protocol triggers a more environmentally-focused design, but it may also be negative, if said protocol becomes a constraint contributing to “globalizing” Architecture. The answer to the aforementioned dilemma, nurturing the cultural debate of the last decade, may only be found if one analyzes buildings through a study of the case studies of green buildings built in a certain period. The study presented in this paper is the result of a synthesis of research conducted on buildings LEED certified or undergoing certification in Italy. Of about 300 buildings that are found in this situation, 30 are analyzed in depth also from the technical point of view. The added value of this study has been the analysis of said buildings based on sustainability, allowing to look at architecture from what we consider to be a privileged point of observation.
- Green Energy | Green Architecture | Bio Remediation | Bio Fuel | Energy Model | Applications of Renewable Energy | Energy Policies
Session Introduction
Aiko Endo
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan
Title: Human-Environmental Security in the Asia-Pacific Ring of Fire: Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Biography:
Aiko Endo received an MSc degree from the Faculty of Science of Plymouth University in the UK, and a PhD from the Graduate School of Biosphere Science of Hiroshima University in Japan. She is an Associate Professor at the national Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) in Japan, and she has currently served as a project leader of the RIHN project entitled “Human-Environmental Security in the Asia-Pacific Ring of Fire: Water-Energy-Food Nexus” based on her experiences of interdisciplinary studies and multi-sectoral practices.
Abstract:
The purposes of the research are to understand the complexity of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus system and to create policy options to reduce trade-offs among resources and to solve the conflicts of resource users under scientific evidence and uncertainty to maximize human-environmental security. We target surface and groundwater use for energy production including small-hydropower, geothermal, hot spring and shale gas. Conversely, we focus on energy use for pumping, and heating water. In addition, we address water use for fishery and agricultural productions, and water cycle is essential for the ecosystem. We are developing, and using various integrated methods to address the WEF nexus issues. We classified the integrated methods as qualitative and quantitative, and both contribute to both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary researches. The Qualitative methods that we analysed consisted of Questionnaire Surveys, Ontology Engineering and Integrated Map. The quantitative methods included Physical Models, Benefit-cost analysis, Integrated Indices, and Optimization Management Models. As a result, we identified the pros and cons of each method. To address to temporal scale, we determined if we could use each method to address nexus during initial stage, developing stage and policy planning stage of the project to make future scenarios. We also challenged to design nexus systems to understand the complexities of nexus system, to visualize the linkages between events, to identify trade-offs and find efficiency of resource use, to define academic concepts of nexus, and to contribute to scenario planning, using otology methodology.
Tanja Barth
University of Bergen, Norway
Title: Thermal conversion of lignin residues for production of bio-fuels and chemicals in a lignocellulosic biorefinerey
Biography:
Tanja Barth is professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway. Her research addresses thermochemical biomass conversion for biofuel and chemicals production in an organic chemistry perspective, in parallel with and studies on petroleum composition and alteration.
Abstract:
Lignocellulosic biomass is a widely available resource that can be used as feedstock for production of renewable motor fuels, solid fuels and bulk and fine chemicals. If waste biomass streams and fractions are used, a high level of sustainability can be achieved. The lignin fraction of such biomass comprises a waste stream both from pulping and bio-ethanol applications, and is thus a good feedstock for further use for bio-energy. Here, we present results from solvolytic thermal conversion of lignin and lignin-rich residues that provide a bio-oil that can be used as a motor fuel with some further upgrading. Alternatively, chemicals from the bio-oil can be extracted and used as e.g. renewable plastic monomers, providing value-added streams in a biorefinery concept. The lignin-to-liquid (LtL) conversion is done with water or ethanol as the reaction medium and formic acid (FA) as depolymerisation aid for converting lignin to phenolic monomers. FA also acts as a hydrogen source. The conversion is done in batch reactors at 300-380 °C with corresponding pressures of 200-300 bar, and provides recoveries of more than 90 % by weight and 80 % as carbon in the oil phase at optimal conditions. Tuning the time, temperature and loading parameters enables production of different oil qualities. Heterogeneous catalysts can be used to increase oil yields relative to solid products, tune oil composition and reduce the reaction severity required. In this presentation, results from conversion of a wide range of lignin qualities will be given, both for laboratory and pilot scale conversion.
Renato O. Arazo
University of Science and Technology, Philippines
Title: Bio-oil production from dry sewage sludge by fast pyrolysis in an electrically-heated fluidized bed reactor
Biography:
Dr Renato O. Arazo has completed his PhD in Envirnmental Engineering from the University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City. In the course of his doctorate, he was sent by the Philippine government to Texas A&M University for a PhD Sandwich Program to specialize in biofuel and bioenergy. He is currently the director of Project Development Office of his university – the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as reviewer of some ISI journals.
Abstract:
The optimization of bio-oil produced from sewage sludge using fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor was investigated. Effects of temperature, sludge particle size and vapor residence time on bio-oil properties, such as yield, high heating value (HHV) and moisture content were evaluated through experimental and statistical analyses. Characterization of the pyrolysis products (bio-oil and biogas) was also done. Optimum conditions produced a bio-oil product with an HHV that is nearly twice as much as lignocellulosic-derived bio-oil, and with properties comparable to heavy fuel oil. Contrary to generally acidic bio-oil, the sludge-derived bio-oil has almost neutral pH which could minimize the pipeline and engine corrosions. The Fourier Transform Infrared and gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses of bio-oil showed a dominant presence of gasoline-like compounds. These results demonstrate that fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge from domestic wastewater treatment plant is a favorable technology to produce biofuels for various applications.
JIN LI
South China University of Technology, China
Title: Research on the Adaptive Design Strategy of the Green Roof of Large-space Stadium in Guangzhou Based on Sports Thermal Comfort
Biography:
Jin Li, Male, Ph.D, Doctoral tutor, Professor of School of Architecture, SCUT (South China University of Technology) and State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, Reviewer of Building and Environment and Energy and Building, Visiting Scholar at Delft University of Technology, National 1st class registered architect, who was in charge of the design of large public buildings and green buildings, such as volleyball arena of The 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou in 2010.
Abstract:
The roof design is a critical part of the design of large-space stadium. With the increasing requirement of sports environment, a good design of stadium roof not only with reasonable structure but also has the function of improving the sports thermal environment of stadium and improving the sports thermal comfort of the exerciser. Through the research of sports thermal comfort under the large-space green roof in the specific climatic conditions, this study primary got the relationship between the sports thermal comfort in the stadium and the thickness of cover soil & the plant disposition of green roof. It not only provides a theoretical basis for creating a healthy sports environment under the green roof, but also provides a theoretical foundation for upgrading the existing sports environment. Firstly, this study use software to simulate 2 stadiums in Guangzhou in Summer. One stadium with exposed roof and the other one with cover soil green roof. Then a preliminary study of the relationship between 2 roof design strategies and thermal environment of stadium be made through data arrangement and analysis. Secondly, several stadium models in Guangzhou area of China be simulated in software, each one with the same roof structure and with the different parameters of cover soils, such as the thickness of cover soil and the plant disposition. And then, basing on the SETsport （Standard Effective Temperature under the state of sports）which gained through modifying the calculation parameters of SET（Standard Effective Temperature), the stadium models with good sports thermal environment be selected.Finally, through analyzing the data of the stadium models with good sports thermal environment, this study got the correlation rules between parameters of cover soils and indoor sports thermal environment & sports thermal comfort.
Esam Elsarrag
Research and Development- at the Gulf Organisation, Qatar
Title: The development of Superefficient Air Conditioning System to meet GSAS Energy Standards for FIFA 2022
Biography:
Dr. Elsarrag is a Director – Research and Development- at the Gulf Organisation for Research & Development. He has more than 25 years of experience in higher education and building industry, gained through his work in the Middle East and Europe. In additional to his work as a consultant, he continues to be active in scientific research in buildings and energy. He has delivered invited lectures and published papers in reputed institutions and journals. He has specialist expertise in sustainable developments, energy efficiency, energy modelling and building services. He is the managing editor of the International Journal of the Sustainable Built Environment, sponsored by GORD and published by Elsevier.
Abstract:
The Gulf Region countries have extreme climatic conditions and impose a heavy reliance on cooling, mostly electricity-based, and thus a strong and structural dependency of a high energy resource. In Doha-Qatar, the average highest outdoor temperatures during a year is 37.0°C however, high-temperature values that exceed 46°C could be observed in summer. As shown in Fig. 1, the temperature exceeds the 40°C for more than 300 hours which anticipated to be doubled when considering Doha climate change 2025. The design and construction of buildings in hot-humid climates requires high energy consumption typically for air conditioning due to higher thermal loads. Regionally, there is a rising concern on the current rate of energy consumption due to air conditioning. Considering the wider impacts of carbon emissions on our climate, and the need to reduce these emissions, effective energy efficiency solutions are necessary in order to achieve the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions. This paper presents the simulated and measured efficiencies of the “All in One” 15 TR (52 kW) fully integrated HVAC systems driven by-product of rejected brine, waste heat and solar absorption chiller. The tested system is locally manufactured and installed in a testing facility at Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP). The system has shown more than 60% reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional systems.
David Tudiwer
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Title: The effect of living wall systems on the heat resistance value of the façade
Biography:
Prof. Azra Korjenic led and is leading several projects concerning façade greening. Two of her projects already won the Energy Globe of Vienna. She is member and active in the Association for Greened Buildings Austria. Within her activities she is up to date concerning the international research and knows that the questions in this project are not answered yet, but asked by researchers, journalists and policy makers
Abstract:
The Paper shows how façade greening effects the heat resistance value on an old building. The façades of the building are made out of bricks. Two greened façades with different living wall systems have been researched and measured for one heating season. At the same time two not greened parts of the façade were measured. So far there does not exist any general method, how to calculate the U-value or particular heat resistance values of the greened facades. The method which is developed within this research-paper makes the comparison between the greened part of the façade and the not greened part possible. It turned out that there is a difference of the thermal resistance between greened and not greened parts of the façades in winter. The improvement by the greening will be discussed within this paper.
Biography:
Ahmed Hamza H Ali is a Professor of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning at Assiut University and Professional Certified Consultant for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency as well as, Egypt since June 1987. In April 1999, he obtained the Doctoral Degree in Engineering from Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, JAPAN. He received his BSc. Degree in Mechanical Engineering, from Assiut University, Egypt, in June 1986. Ahmed Hamza worked as a Professor of Energy Systems at Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Systems and Environmental Engineering, UMSICHT, Germany from March 2006 to April 2008. He is a Professional Engineer in HVAC (Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning) systems as well as solar energy systems. His principal areas of research and expertise: currently leading activities in the basic and applied research in Renewable Energy Systems including Solar Energy Cooling and Heating Systems, Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Thermal analysis for cooling and heating of buildings including Industrial Energy audit and energy efficiency. Honors: Member of International Solar Energy Society (ISES) since 1994 until now. Awards: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, Fellowship (March 2006 - April 2008). He has published more than 150 papers (over 60 in refereed Int. J., with H-index 12), five books and 6 BK chapters.
Abstract:
In 2015, the energy demand in Egypt was higher than production and represented one of the barriers for further development. However, the national short-term energy plane which implemented in 2016 decreased the issue into the minimum. This shortage is clearly larger during summer time due to extra energy demand required to drive vapor compression air conditioners to cover the building's cooling load demand. In many kinds of literature, it is reported that conventional air conditioning systems (A/C) has a large contribution to the buildings energy consumption and represent more than 70 % of building energy consumption in the Middle East. Besides, the role of those A/C system refrigerants in the harmful emissions leads to the greenhouse gasses effect, while, few of those systems refrigerants contribute to depletion of the ozone layer. Nowadays there are many available passive techniques, or active technologies have been used to provide the thermal comfort condition within buildings that can be utilized as an alternative solution for reducing current energy consumption and the harmful gasses emissions. However, practical and energy efficient hybrid active and passive system that provide the cooling for buildings in summer session at best cost performance is a still a challenge worldwide and in particular in most developing countries located in hot, arid areas. In this study, the innovative design of wind catcher with fog injection system that is appropriate for use in hot, dry areas is investigated. This followed by an assessment of the hourly values of the air flow rate with quantitative values of the outlet air psychrometric properties from this hybrid system that proposed to provide thermal comfort condition for a school building in the hot, arid area is evaluated.
Sausan Al-Riyami
IATI at the Research Council (TRC), Sultanate of Oman.
Title: Hybrid Cooling Using Green Energy as Heat Sources and Storage System for a Building at Innovation Park Muscat
Biography:
Sausan Al-Riyami has completed her degree in Physics with minor in Geology in 2007 from SQU, Master degree of Science & Engineering with honor (IGSES Awards) and her Doctorate of Science in Applied Science for Electronics & Materials on 2013 from Kyushu University. She was guest researcher at Institute for Materials Research, Belgium. She was at GUTech before she joined The Research Council in Oman as Reneweable Energy Researcher on 2015. Her recent focous on both Nanotechnology and Renewable Energy. She recieaved outstanding awards and research fund grants, publication of more than 20 papers and serving as scientific reviewer in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Cooling for a building is a critical issue for hot climate countries such as Sultanate of Oman. Electricity driven chillers commonly used for this pupose. However, they consume remarkable electrical energy compared with thermal driven chillers. This project aims to develop a worldwide unique concept for a continuously operating hybrid cooling system with a thermally driven chiller based on renewable energy resources. The energy for a sustainable cold supply can be developed from heat energy sources. For hot country like Oman solar heat supply is definetly the best option with an expected fluctuating. In order to over come this challenge and using the wondeful geological of Oman a geothermal heat by studing the potential of the energy. Therefore, a combination of both, called hybrid cooling, might provide an excellent solution of this challenge. For the stublization of the system it is advisable to foresee storage systems which can be realized in the underground. The challenge is to investigate, to develop, and to establish a combined system of geothermal and solar heat and an underground storage system together with specific technical solutions of absorption chillers adapted to the different sources. A demonstrator of such an innovative system will be realized at the end of the the project and installed at the one of the building of the Innoviation Park Musct (IPM) in Oman.The realization will present a great progress of an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy option especially for hot climate countries.
Mansi Jain
University of Twente, Netherland
Title: Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) niche development from governance perspective
Biography:
Mansi is in the final year of her PhD from Department of Governance and Technology for Sustainability (CSTM) at University of Twente, The Netherlands. Her doctoral study aims at understanding energy transitions in the buildings sector in India with focus on wide scale uptake of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) niche development. Mansi also works as a Project Manager in International Institute for Energy Conservation and hads strong industry experience in policy analysis and implementation and energy transition advocacy in the built environment. She has provided advisory to various government institutions and development agencies (USAID, UNDP, UNIDO).
Abstract:
As global warming and fossil fuel depletion highlight the need to save energy and reduce our carbon footprint, the net zero-energy building (NZEB) concept is gaining prominence worldwide. NZEB is still at a nascent stage of niche formation in a developing economy such as India. Large scale adoption and implementation of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies can transform the building sector towards a low carbon future. The paper aims to assess the role of governments in adoption and uptake of NZEBs by addressing the research question: What is the role of governments in spurring NZEB niche development in India from governance perspective? The study uses the Governance Assessment Tool (GAT) along with the Sectoral System Innovation Assessment Framework (SSAIf) to analyse NZEB niche development in the New Delhi region in India. A case study research design is used to assess governance conditions regarding NZEB niche development. Data collection involved indepth interviews with ten key stakeholders and were analyzed using qualitative analysis software program of Atlas ti. The results show that governments can initiate changes in structure, user practices, culture, regulations and networks by influencing particular governance conditions such as: i)strategies and instruments used by governments, and ii) actor network formation, in particular engaging relevant stakeholders in policy making process and NZEB projects.
Biography:
Sayed Ahmed is a Bangladeshi practicing architect, academician and social activist. He studied architecture from the first science and technology university of that country, SUST; Sylhet. He is now a lecturer in the department of architecture, Bangladesh University, Dhaka; where he conducts art appreciation courses, design classes and seminars and also researches as a free scholar. He specializes cultural studies, philosophy of art and architectural history. Throughout his student life; he was engaged in different extra-curricular activities and valued culture as means to Bangladesh’s socio-cultural and architectural sphere of encouragement within South Asia. As a result; he is spending most of his time on researches like this (as architecture is not aloof from art) to find out Bengal’s own identity which may appear unique in the field of art and architecture. He has published articles on architecture and art from several journals around the globe which includes countries like India, China, UK, USA, Australia, Nigeria and Indonesia. His recent study published from Australia about the Maxims of Khona and its impact over vernacular architectural practice in Bangladesh
Abstract:
The study is aimed to analyze the thermo climate analysis in different mud houses of village Mawna at Gazipur district near the capital city of Dhaka. For case studies, four different mud houses were selected while thermal comfort has constituted the results of the paper. A micro-climatic survey technique was used to simulate the temperature comfort level for inhabitants while human interaction with surface-atmosphere in the rural environment was considered meticulously. By using the thermal comfort indexes like PMV (predicted mean vote) and MRT (mean radiant temperature) of previous theoretical assumptions, it has revealed that the thermal comfort of mud house displays the PMV values are close to a comfortable level; surely better than any dwelling units in the city. This analysis of thermal comfort and the wind flow also showed how influential was the local environment to incorporate the climatic responsiveness of such architectural feature. To realize the core idea for thermal controlling through the approach of traditional technique, the whole construction process and the spatial quality of mud architecture was revaluated to find out which decisions had driven the local wisdom for the material selection and space organization in this particular way. For this, an elaborate literature review has been done to learn and figure out the possible role of architects or other building professionals on the further development of indigenous techniques and also include these outcomes in academic curriculum.
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad
King Abdullah University, Saudi Arabia
Title: Simulation and Experimental Investigation of a Tri-Hybrid Desalination System
Biography:
Dr. Wakil is working as a Research Scientist in the Water Desalination and Reuse Centre of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. His research focused on thermal systems hybridization for overall system performance improvements. Dr. Wakil holds three international patents. To date, he published 20 peer-reviewed journal papers including Nature Middle East, 50 over conference papers and four book chapters. He also received two best research paper awards in international conferences. Their innovative hybrid desalination cycle, MEDAD cycle, won “GE-ARAMCO global water challenge” award for high efficiency and lowest water production cycle. He is also selected as a regional coordinator of International Desalination Association’s Young Leader Programme (IDA-YLP) for Middle East and Africa Region for 2015-2017. He is also a member of many professional organizations namely: International Desalination Association (IDA), American Society of Mechanical Engineer (ASME), Institute of Engineers of Pakistan (IEP) Lahore, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (HVACR) Society of Pakistan, and Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC).
Abstract:
The primary energy consumption estimates in GCC region shows the highest growth rate in the World, 700mtoe by 2020 as compared to 350mtoe in 2010, mainly due to low efficiency industrial processes such as power and water production. In GCC countries, more than 40% of total energy is consumed in CCGT based power and desalination plants. All present low performance desalination processes are not only unsustainable for future water supplies but also polluting environment by adding tremendous amount of CO2. In 2009, GCC countries contributed to approximately 8% of the global CO2 emissions. For future sustainability, the present dominating thermally driven desalination processes such as multi effect desalination (MED) needs to improve. We proposed thermally driven tri-hybrid desalination cycle (NF+MED+AD) to overcome conventional MED process limitations. In this new cycle, the top brine temperature (TBT) can be raised to 125C by introducing nano-filtration (NF) feed pre-treatment and bottom brine temperature (BBT) limit can be extended to as low as 5C by integrating renewable energy driven adsorption (AD) cycle. The thermodynamic synergy of MED+AD hybrid cycle is demonstrated experimentally, boosting water production by 2 fold as same TBT. We also presented detailed mathematical model and transient simulation of tri-hybrid NF+MED+AD cycle. The results showed that the proposed cycle is one of the highest performance cycle reported in the literature up till now.
Sara Zeinal Zadeh
University of Queensland, Australia
Title: Feasibility of Solar Energy Scenarios: A critical review of solar energy deployment constraints
Biography:
Sara is Ph.D. student at the Dow Centre. She obtained her Bachelor degree on Mechanical Engineering from the K.N.Toosi University of Technology in 2000. Since then, she worked in the oil and gas industry as project engineer and project manager in Persian Gulf mega projects. In 2012 she moved to Australia and mid 2013 took up a oneâ€year research project on Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Energy in Australia at the UQ Energy Initiative. After 12 challenging years dealing with fossil fuels and observing the realâ€inâ€site environmental impacts of conventional power generation technologies, she has now decided for a career change and to contribute to improving the environment. Her Ph.D. project involves renewable energy technologies, sustainable energy development and renewables policy. Her aim is to become part of the UQ researcher and lecturing community..
Abstract:
Scientific and social consensus about the risks of climate change is growing around the world and best evidenced by the recent commitments pledged under the Paris Climate protocol and subsequent ratification by 142 of the 197 participating countries, representing 95% of global emissions. In addition there are several global decarbonisation scenarios which outline pathways and future energy mixes with the specific objective of holding the global average temperature to less than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Typically these scenarios project terawatts of solar energy deployment over the next few decades. It has been highlighted that this rapid switch may cause limitations in the required natural resources and several life cycle assessments (LCA) have been carried out with a wide range of assumptions and methods to identify these critical materials. However, almost all these studies have discussed constraints around a single solar technology, typically PV and often in isolation to the broader industries that utilise the same materials. Here we consider the role of the solar sector in the International Energy Agency’s 2 Degree Scenario (IEA2DS) considering both PV and concentrated solar thermal (CST). The results show that installation of 0.7TW CST along with 3.5TW PV may not cause additional material constraints although to avoid major uncertainties around tellurium, silver and indium the share of CST should be increased.
Shu-San Hsiau
National Central University, Taiwan
Title: CFD Modeling of Paper Reject Gasification in a Lab-Scale Dual Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Biography:
Professor Shu-San Hsiau got his PhD from California Institute of Technology (Mechanical Engineering) in 1993. He started his academic life at National Central University (Taiwan) since then. His major research areas include powder technology, energy technoloy (clean coal/biomass gasification and gas clean up, energy saving technology), avalanche and debris technology, additive manufacturing instrument design, etc. He has served as Chairman of Department of Mechanical Engineering, and also the Director of Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering. Professor Hsiau served as Associate Vice President for R&D from 2014/2 to 2017/1. Currently he is the director of Clean Coal Research Center at NCU.
Abstract:
The technology of dual fluidized bed (DFB) steam gasification has been well-known to generate product syngas of high quality with high heating value and free nitrogen. The present study investigates either combustion or gasification of biomass fuel in a lab-scale DFB gasifier. The fluid dynamics with heat and mass transfers taking place in a two-dimentional DFB system were performed by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. A combination of fluid flow model, heat transfer model and species transport model was used to study the unsteady behaviors of the phases including process agents (air, steam), biomass fuel (paper reject) and bed material (silica sand) during the whole process. Our model was first validated with published studies, and then was developed to optimize the critical parameters and conditions affecting the system operation. Accordingly, a parametric study was conducted for the major factors, such as inlet air/steam velocities, operating temperatures, to determine their effects on the hydrodynamics, heat transfer characteristics and product yields. Some typical results were obtained for the fluid flow patterns, distributions of velocities, pressure, temperature and species’ concentration in different zones and along the height of the DFB system. It was found that the input parameters and the system geometry were important influences affecting modeling results, and thus system performance. All predicted results are expected to improve the design and efficiency of the practical systems. Further validation with corresponding experiments and modification are intended to make the model more convinced.
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Session Introduction
Falin Chen
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Title: The Kuroshio Power Plant For Deep Oceans
Biography:
Since he joined the faculty of National Taiwan University in 1989, Professor Falin Chen has devoted himself in researches such as the stability of fluid flow applying on alloy solidification, jet and gravity current and the energy-related issues like the Kuroshio power harness and the hydrogen fuel cells. He has been author or co-author of more than 120 papers published in internationally renowned journals such as J Fluid Mech., Phys. Fluids, Phys. Rev. E and J. Power Sources. He has been the director of Energy Research Center and the University Chair Professor since 2008.
Abstract:
The Kuroshio, a branch of the North Pacific Gyre, flows strongly and stably along the eastern coast of Taiwan and then pass the Ryukyu Islands and Japan. From the perspective of energy development, the Kuroshio is a high-quality ocean current, able to provide a steady and high-volume power output needed to achieve economies of scale and commercial value. In this presentation, we shall initiate a novel design called the Kuroshio Power Plant and discuss the design in details. The deployment of hundreds of turbines in deep waters and their anchorage in a stable formation to the seabed hundreds of meters below is an unprecedented engineering feat. This design is also entailing new approaches to turbine design, anchorage system planning, deep sea marine engineering, and power plant operations and maintenance. The design consists two major portions: the single-cable anchored turbine and the multi-cable anchored relay platform, both are designed to protect power plant from earthquake damage and high-frequency fatigue. These technologies can also be applied to generate power in other waters, such as the Gulf Stream east of Florida, the East Australian Current, the Humboldt Current west of South America, the East Africa Coastal Current, and so on. All these waters feature strong currents and deep waters, similar to those found in the Kuroshio. Finally, since the proposed Kuroshio power plant is a new design and requires deep sea construction, it may entail high research costs and construction risks during the development stage, which will be elucidated as well.
MarÃa del P. Pablo-Romero
University of Seville, Spain
Title: Electricity from biogas in the EU: Evolution, support measures and technology costs
Biography:
María del P. Pablo-Romero has completed his PhD in Economics at the Seville University in 2000. Her main topics research are economic growth, energy, renewable energy and policy evaluation. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals as Energy Economics, Energy Policy, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews and energy journal. At the moment, belongs to the Chair of Economy of the Energy and the Environment, being the person in charge of the area of energy and development.
Abstract:
The EU has assumed objectives for energy sustainability and the fight against climate change. In this sense, the generation of biogas allows contributions to the 2020 established targets. The EU is leader in the production of biogas, being the gross electricity production from biogas in the EU in 2014 equal to 57 022.0 GWh. Likewise, its estimated contribution to electricity generation for 2020 in the EU-28 represent 1.5% within the total energy mix. Measures implemented in the EU-28 to promote biogas are analyzed. Likewise, they are related to the country targets established in their National Renewable Energy Action Plans and to their technology costs. Currently, 19 countries of the EU-28 apply some measure of price and/or amount to promote the use of biogas. Of those, 14 use Fit-in tariffs, 6 Fit-in premiums and 1 uses tenders. The countries that do not use any of these measures generally have poor levels of growth of biogas, and are far from fulfilling their 2020 targets. It is observed a trend to reduce public support to promote biogas, linked to the reduction of the cost of this technology, and to the attempt to increasingly link it to the markets. However, excessive linking to the market hinders its development, putting the achievement of 2020 targets at risk, because it cannot be considered that the market is sufficiently mature. In addition, there is a trend seen in the design to limit support for the generation of biogas where certain materials are used for its generation, with the purpose of increasing GHG savings.
Biography:
Dr William Stafford is a life scientist with twenty-one years of R&D covering topics ranging from biochemistry, microbial ecology, systems biology, bioenergy, permaculture, holistic resource management, industrial ecology and sustainability science. Bioenergy and the bio-economy is a current a research focus which requires innovative solutions to meet development objectives of economic feasibility, social acceptance, and environmental protection.William has 26 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and is currently a researcher in the Green Economy Solutions competency area at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and an extraordinary associate professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University
Abstract:
Bush encroachment and alien plant invasions alter the composition and/or balance of species in natural ecosystems and impact biodiversity, land productivity and water availability. While progress has been made in restoration programmes, relatively little cost recoveruy has been achived in the form of payment for ecosystem services restored, nor from the value adding opportunities of using woody biomass for timber products, wood fuels and electricity. This paper estimates the value of the benefits from key ecosystem services (water availability, grazing capacity, carbon, timber, wood fuels and electricity) that are provided through the appropriate management of bush encroachment and invasive alien plants in South Africa. The value of ecosystem services from the restoration of bush encroachment was estimated to be US$2.1 billion, while the value of ecosystem services from the restoration of alien plant invasions was estimated to be US$6.6 billion. The most valued ecosystem service benefit assessed was electricity, followed by water, wood-fuels and then grazing and timber products. The value of these ecosystem services are considerable compared to the direct costs involved to clear invasive alien plants and control bush encroachment. For example, using bush encroachment and alien plant biomass for electricity generation could provide 3.6% of South Africa’s electricity with a value of US$ 3.7 bliion, as well as reducing carbon emissions by 133 million tCO2eq per annum. This clearly illustrates that the management of invasive alien plants and bush encroachment can deliver significant ecosystem services benefits whose value outweighs the costs of restoration.
Sausan Al-Riyami
IATI at the Research Council (TRC), Sultanate of Oman
Title: Towards Innoviated Green Nanotechnology Material: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond/Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Biography:
Sausan Al-Riyami has completed her degree in Physics with minor in Geology in 2007 from SQU, Master degree of Science & Engineering with honor (IGSES Awards) and her Doctorate of Science in Applied Science for Electronics & Materials on 2013 from Kyushu University. She was guest researcher at Institute for Materials Research, Belgium. She was at GUTech before she joined The Research Council in Oman as Reneweable Energy Researcher on 2015. Her recent focous on both Nanotechnology and Renewable Energy. She recieaved outstanding awards and research fund grants, publication of more than 20 papers and serving as scientific reviewer in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon (UNCD/a-C:H) films commonly prepared by chmical vapour depositon (CVD) technique. Although it can be grown in an atmosphere including no hydrogen gas, the hydrogen from a hydrocarbon source gas can infulance the properties of the film. The hydrogen has important roles on the physical properties of the films; however it has never been studied in details thus far. We have reported that nonhydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C) films containing no diamond grains are grown without ambient gas by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). On the other hand, in this work the growth of film. The chemical bonding structures, the electrical, and the optical properties of the films were investigated in details using several technigues. The films were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates in hydrogen atmospheres by PLD using a graphite target. The preparation conditions were similar to those in our previous works. The films were studied using several techniques. The carrier density was calculated using electron spin resonance (ESR). For the first to our knowledge non-commercial standard sample was prepared and used to calibrate and quantify the measurements. The standard sample shows a strong stability and it is considered to be competitive to the commercial samples. The ESR investigation was performed at different temperatures. The estimated spin density is relatively high for an insulator UNCD/a-C:H composite film. From the obtained results it is found that ESR is a promising method to study paramagnetic canters and their interaction with hydrogen for films.
Omar K M Ouda
King Abdulaziz University,Saudi Arabia
Title: E Waste Biorefineries: A Way Forward Towards Biobased Economies
Biography:
Dr. Omar Ouda obtained a PhD in Environmental Management from Stuttgart University, Germany in 2003 and a Master of Science in Water and Environmental Resources Management form IHE-Delft, the Netherland in 1999. Omar is a Professional Engineer (P.Eng) in Canada; a Project Management Professional (PMP) and certified LEED AP. Dr. Ouda is currently University Professor at Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University. He has 20 years of professional and academic experience worldwide. Omar completed more than 50 studies tackled environmental challenges in Canada, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Libya, UAE, and Palestine. He published more than 60 scientific papers in high ranked international journals and conferences. Majority of his recent publications handled solid waste management and Biomass energy developing countries.
Abstract:
The current world population of 7.2 billion is estimated to increase by 1 billion by 2025 with an annual growth rate of 1%. In the Asian, Middle East, African and Latin American countries, most of this increase will happen due to fast population growth and urbanization. As a result, the average rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) production will increase from 1.2 to 1.4 kg per capita per day in next 15 years across the world. Similarly, the energy demand is growing significantly in developing world, especially in Asia at an annual rate of 3.7% by 2025. The MSW can be a valuable source of biomass, recycled materials, energy and revenue if efficiently and wisely managed. The promises for the conversion of MSW to energy are abundant and can include a wide range of waste sources, conversion technologies, and infrastructure and end-use applications. Several waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies, including pyrolysis, plasma arc gasification, anaerobic digestion (AD), fermentation, incineration, gasification and refused derived fuel (RDF) have been developed to produce energy and value-added products in the form of electricity, transportation fuels, heat, fertilizers, and chemicals. However, there are certain limitations associated with each WTE technology, as it is difficult for an individual process to achieve zero waste concept and competes with other renewable energy sources like wind, and solar. An innovative solution to these limits is to select the WTE technologies based on the country’s waste composition and generation rates and integrate them under waste biorefinery concept. A waste biorefinery will be a group of WTE technologies producing chemicals, fuels, power, products, and materials from different fractions of MSW such as food, plastic, paper, cardboard, fat contents waste, etc. at one platform; similar to an oil refinery. This abstract aims to examine the value of waste biorefineries in developing nations as a solution to MSW landfill problems and as a source of renewable energy production.
Naoki Masuhara
Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, JAPAN
Title: Current Situation of Resource Potential, Development Targets, Regulations and Conflicts of geothermal energy in Japan
Biography:
Naoki Masuhara has been project researcher at Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) from 2013, participating the five-year research project, entitled "Human-Environmental Security in Asia-Pacific Ring of Fire: Water-Energy-Food Nexus" RIHN, Kyoto, Japan. He received his PhD. in engineering from Osaka University (2017). He was secretary staff of the Coalition of Local Governments for Environmental Initiatives (COLGEI, 1999-2013), researcher of the policy institute of COLGEI (2000-2013), guest researcher at Waseda University, Hosei University (2007-) and Osaka University (2014-). His major fields of interests are local environment administration and energy policy
Abstract:
Japan is the third largest country in the world in terms of geothermal resource potentials investigated by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. However, installed capacity of geothermal power in Japan has been very limited even after the FIT (Feed-in Tariff) scheme for five renewable energy including geothermal power was adapted in 2012. Major three of the reasons which has pointed out so far are (1) cost problem including long development period and needed legal procedures, (2) related regulations such as the Nature Park Law, and (3) strong objections by local residents especially by the hot spring (ONSEN) owners and inns. Under such circumstance, we developed Japanese inventory consisting of resource potential, development targets, regulations and conflicts of geothermal energy in all 47 prefectures, since each prefecture can set original target to install new geothermal power or direct energy use. Our hypothesis is that there are some relationships between local targets, resource potentials and conflicts which occur in the area, reflecting different digging regulation of each prefectures. The scheme of regulation for digging new hot spring well to start geothermal power has basically been set by national hot spring (ONSEN) law, but each prefecture governor can create original regulations according to local situation. Also, we are investigating whether national target to install renewable energy by 2030 will be achieved or not based on our inventory, because new power plant must be installed in one of the 47 prefectures. Furthermore, we clarified the status quo of local program to support new geothermal energy development in some prefectures through interviewing surveys that have been conducted so far. Local program could be classified by four administrative resources : financial resources, legal resources, human and organizational resources, and information.
Daniel Adu
Jiangsu University, China.
Title: Hydropower Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Need for Small Hydropower Plants
Biography:
Daniel Adu is a PhD Student at the National research Centre of Pumps, Jiangsu University, China offering Fluid Machinery Engineering in the Research area of Small Hydropower Development in Africa. Daniel has his expertise in evaluation and passion in improving electricity situation in Africa. He has done a lot of research into how this electricity crisis in Africa especially sub-Saharan Africa can be solved and found small hydropower as one of the best ways to solve these challenges due to its enormous potential in the continent.
Abstract:
A number of resources and efforts have been devoted into many studies in relation to the small hydro potential (SHP) sites in Ghana, but still most of these potential sites are still not yet developed. The rural communities within the Region have been deprived of electricity for so many years now with even those in the urban centers experiencing a lot of power cut off resorting in the development of thermal power as supplement to the inadequate hydropower source in the countries. The importance of small hydropower in the generation for sustainable power based on its capacity to provide electricity to the rural communities as well as contributing to the National grid to towards alleviate the serious shortage of electricity within the sub-Saharan African Region and ensure sustainability of hydropower. This paper focuses on the situation and potentials of small-hydropower in Sub-Saharan Africa particularly the rural areas as well as areas that are still outside the main grid. An equitable complete small hydropower technology report has been presented with the situation of Electricity supply to the rural areas within the Region also presented. this paper has shown that there are many important hydropower resources in Saharan Africa Region with low installation level. Generally, the level of electricity access in the Region is very low combined with various challenges. Challenges preventing development of SHP technology in the Region have been identified and discussed, for instance those relating to technology, climate change, finance, and policy. Small hydropower technology has been discussed as one of the promising spread out power generation system for rural electricity supply in the country. Therefore, the need to develop an extensive small hydropower turbine that can help alleviate the current energy situation and support economic progress of the Sub-Saharan Africa Countries. The paper will draw conclusions on the significance of designing small hydro turbines for Sub-Saharan Africa, and better carrying out small hydropower in Sub-Saharan Africa.