6^th International Conference on Green Energy & Expo August 29-31, 2018 Toronto, Canada

Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products) rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum. Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. It is safe, biodegradable, and produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. Common blends include B2 (2% biodiesel), B5, and B20.The 93 billion liters of biofuels produced worldwide in 2009 displaced the equivalent of an estimated 68 billion liters of gasoline, equal to about 5% of world gasoline production. Two most common types of biofuels used are ethanol and biodiesel are derived from naturally occurring plants, alcohol and vegetable oil which act as a perfect substitute for fossil fuel.

The market for liquid biofuels outside of North America totaled $48.8 billion in 2014 and $41.7 billion in 2015. This market is expected to reach $89.6 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.5%.

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, andbiochemical methods. Wood remains the largest biomass energy source to date; examples include forest residues (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from   numerous types of plantsincluding miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow,sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm (palm oil).

Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Though wood is still our largest biomass energy resource, the other sources which can be utilized include plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source. Biohydrogen is a potential biofuel obtainable from both cultivation and from waste organic materials. Though hydrogen is produced from non-renewable technologies such as steam reformation of natural gas (~50% of global H₂ supply), petroleum refining (~30%) and gasification of coal (~20%), green algae (including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and cyanobacteria offer an alternative route to renewable H₂ production. Steam reforming of methane (biogas) produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste, can be utilized for biohydrogen as well.  Bioplastics are any plastic material that is either biobased, biodegradable, or features both properties. They are derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota. Bioelectricity is the production of electric potentials and currents within/by living organisms. Bioelectric potentials are generated by a variety of biological processes and generally range in strength from one to a few hundred millivolts. 

The global market for Biogas production equipment like anaerobic digesters and landfill gas equipment is estimated at nearly $4.5 billion for 2013. The market is projected to reach $7 billion by 2018 growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4% over the five-year period from 2013 to 2018.

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that lasts for an extended period of time. The Earth's climate has been changing throughout the history.  Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. At present, the current scenario of the climate change is at alarming levels. The present warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 years. Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.

Energy and environment are co-related in the technological and scientific aspects including energy conservation, and the interaction of energy forms and systems with the physical environment. The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by 31% between 1800 and 2000, going from 280 parts per million to 367 parts per million. Scientists predict that carbon dioxide levels could be as high as 970 parts per million by the year 2100. Different factors are responsible for this development, such as progress with respect to technical parameters of energy converters, in particular, improved efficiency; emissions characteristics and increased lifetime. Various environmental policies have been implemented across the globe for reduction of GHG emissions for improvement of environment.

Renewable energy and energy efficiency are sometimes said to be the "twin pillars" of sustainable energy policy. Both resources must be developed in order to stabilize and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. There are various energy policies on a global scale in relation to energy exploration, production and consumption, ranging from commodities companies to automobile manufacturers to wind and solar producers and industry associations. Recent focus of energy economics includes the following issues: Climate change and climate policy, sustainability, energy markets and economic growth, economics of energy infrastructure, energy and environmental law and policies and global warming along with exploring various challenges associated with accelerating the diffusion of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Most of the agricultural facilities in the developed world are mechanized due to rural electrification. Rural electrification has produced significant productivity gains, but it also uses a lot of energy. For this and other reasons (such as transport costs) in a low-carbon society, rural areas would need available supplies of renewably produced electricity.

Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances. EPA's efforts to speed the adoption of this revolutionary and diverse discipline have led to significant environmental benefits, innovation and a strengthened economy.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has defined green economy as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. It is closely related with ecological economics, but has a more politically applied focus. A low-carbon economy (LCE) also known as low-fossil-fuel economy (LFFE), or decarbonised economy is an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. GHG emissions due to anthropogenic (human) activity are increasingly either causing climate change (global warming) or making climate change worse.

Green technology is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. with an ultimate goal of sustainable development. Its main objective is to find ways to create new technologies in such a way that they do not damage or deplete the planet’s natural resources and aid in the reduction of global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution and climate change. The global reduction of greenhouse gases is dependent on the adoption of energy conservation technologies at the industrial level as well as this clean energy generation. That includes using unleaded gasoline, solar energy and alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid and hybrid electric vehicles.

Conservation is the process of reducing demand on a limited supply and enabling that supply to begin to rebuild itself. Many times the best way of doing this is to replace the energy used with an alternate. The goal with energy conservation techniques is reduce demand, protect and replenish supplies, develop and use alternative energy sources, and to clean up the damage from the prior energy processes. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology that can capture up to 90% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pro­duced from the use of fossil fuels.Energy efficiency has proved to be a cost-effective strategy for building economies without necessarily increasing energy consumption. Combined with improvements in energy efficiency and the rational use of energy, renewable energy sources can provide everything fossil fuels currently offer in terms of energy services such as heating and cooling, electricity and also transport fuel. A building’s location and surroundings play a key role in regulating its temperature and illumination. Green Building refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

A Smart Grid  may be a holistic resolution that employs a broad vary of knowledge technology resources, permitting existing and new gridlines to cut back electricity waste and energy prices. Smart grids are going to be an essential foundation for the incorporation of renewable energy into the electrical grid. Since renewable sources like star and wind square measure variable, it'll be essential to possess a demand-responsive electrical grid that uses energy expeditiously. Smart grid technologies have myriad applications and permutations, together with sensible meters in individual homes to the power to access variable and distributed sources of energy based mostly upon demand and availableness. Sensible meters empower electricity shoppers to use energy supported value signals given as rates fluctuate

Power Engineering is a subfield of Energy Engineering and Electrical Engineering that arrangements with the generation, transmission, dispersion and usage of electric force and the electrical gadgets associated with such frameworks including generators, engines and transformers. However a great part of the field is worried with the issues of three-phase AC power – the standard for generous scale power generation, transmission and dissemination over the cutting edge world – a noteworthy division of the field is worried with the change between AC and DC power and the improvement of particular power systems for example, those utilized in aircraft or for electric railway networks. The Power Systems were getting more productive with taking a break and have turned into a centre region of Electrical Engineering field.

Recycling is the practice of recovering used materials from the waste stream and then incorporating those same materials into the manufacturing process. Successful recycling also depends on manufacturers making products from recovered materials and, in turn, consumers purchasing products made of recyclable materials. Does your part "close the loop" and buy products made of recycled materials whenever possible. Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products.

Environmental engineering is the branch of engineering that is concerned with protecting people from the effects of adverse environmental effects, such as pollution, as well as improving environmental quality. Environmental engineers work to improve recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and air pollution control.

Nanotechnology is a subject which has been popular within the scientific and technology industries for many years. It is now with the ever growing advancement in technology that nanotechnology is picking up the pace and has got a lot of people talking. Now, engineers are studying ways that it can be made beneficial to the environment. This has been branded as 'green nanotechnology' since it focuses on challenges within the nanoscale that need to be overcome to ensure eco-friendly processes and products. The objectives of nanotechnology are to create eco-friendly designs with nanotechnology and use it to reduce health and environmental hazards by seeking methods to replace present applications with green nanotechnology products.

One of the distinctive characteristics of the electric power sector is that the amount of electricity that can be generated is relatively fixed over short periods of time, although demand for electricity fluctuates throughout the day. Developing technology to store electrical energy so it can be available to meet demand whenever needed would represent a major breakthrough in electricity distribution. Helping to try and meet this goal, electricity storage devices can manage the amount of power required to supply customers at times when need is greatest, which is during peak load. These devices can also help make renewable energy, whose power output cannot be controlled by grid operators, smooth and dispatchable.

Energy materials within the past meant high energy explosive materials utilized in detonation and alternative energy storage applications, such energy cannot be regulated for extended period. Currently energy materials embody wide selection of advanced and novel materials for the generation and storage of electric power. Energy generation, management and distribution are the quickest evolving industries of recent times. The demand to develop parts and sub-assemblies for novel product across the energy sector is increasing. Analysis in Production of electricity from piezoelectric materials, Biomass, photo chemistry is studied widely in several universities.

Different geophysical and social pressures are providing a shift from conventional fossil fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources. We must create the materials that will support emergent energy technologies. Solar energy is a top priority of the department, and we are devoting extensive resources to developing photovoltaic cells that are both more efficient and less costly than current technology. We also have extensive research around next-generation battery technology. Materials performance lies at the heart of the development and optimization of green energy technologies and computational methods now plays a major role in modeling and predicting the properties of complex materials. The global market for supercapacitor is expected to grow from $1.8 billion in 2014 to $2.0 billion in 2015 at a year-on-year (YOY) growth rate of 9.2%. In addition, the market is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 19.1%, to reach $4.8 billion in 2020. The competition in the global super capacitor market is intense within a few large players, such as, AVX Corp., Axion Power International, Inc., Beijing HCC Energy Tech. Co., Ltd., CAP-XX, Elna Co. Ltd., Elton, Graphene Laboratories INC., Jianghai Capacitor Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Shuangdeng Group Co., Ltd., Jinzhou Kaimei Power Co., Ltd, KEMET, LS MTRON, Maxwell Technologies INC., Nesscap Energy Inc., Nippon Chemi-Con Corp., Panasonic Co., Ltd., Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co., Ltd., Skeleton Technologies, Supreme Power Systems Co., Ltd., XG Sciences

Energy is deposited in a range of energy sources, which can be non-renewable or renewable. Renewable sources of energy are those that can be refilled in a short period of time, as opposed to non-renewable sources of energy.The use of renewable sources of energy is less polluting, compared to that of non-renewable sources. Specifically, increased dependence on renewable sources of energy is a key element of efforts to avert climate change. Renewable sources of energy today make an irrelevant contribution to total energy use, compared to that of non-renewable sources. A range of barriers hamper the widespread deployment of renewable energy technologies.

Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Bioremediation may occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation) or may only effectively occur through the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, etc., that help encourage the growth of the pollution-eating microbes within the medium. However, not all contaminants are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above-ground parts, which are then harvested for removal.

Green Energy- 2018 facilitates a unique platform for transforming potential ideas into great business. The present meeting/ conference creates a global platform to connect global Entrepreneurs, Proposers and the Investors in the field of Renewable Energy and its allied sciences. This investment meet facilitates the most optimized and viable business for engaging people in to constructive discussions, evaluation and execution of promising business.

Participants are welcomed to submit abstracts relevant to the following theme/ topics or to combinations of them. All topics can be related to policy, market and technological issues as well.

""Renewable Energy for a Sustainable World"