Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products) rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum. Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant greases. It is safe, biodegradable, and produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel. Common blends include B2 (2% biodiesel), B5, and B20.The 93 billion liters of biofuels produced worldwide in 2009 displaced the equivalent of an estimated 68 billion liters of gasoline, equal to about 5% of world gasoline production. Two most common types of biofuels used are ethanol and biodiesel are derived from naturally occurring plants, alcohol and vegetable oil which act as a perfect substitute for fossil fuel.

The market for liquid biofuels outside of North America totaled $48.8 billion in 2014 and $41.7 billion in 2015. This market is expected to reach $89.6 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.5%.

Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Though wood is still our largest biomass energy resource, the other sources which can be utilized include plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source. Biohydrogen is a potential biofuel obtainable from both cultivation and from waste organic materials. Though hydrogen is produced from non-renewable technologies such as steam reformation of natural gas (~50% of global H₂ supply), petroleum refining (~30%) and gasification of coal (~20%), green algae (including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and cyanobacteria offer an alternative route to renewable H₂ production. Steam reforming of methane (biogas) produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste, can be utilized for biohydrogen as well.  Bioplastics are any plastic material that is either biobased, biodegradable, or features both properties. They are derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota. Bioelectricity is the production of electric potentials and currents within/by living organisms. Bioelectric potentials are generated by a variety of biological processes and generally range in strength from one to a few hundred millivolts. 

The global market for Biogas production equipment like anaerobic digesters and landfill gas equipment is estimated at nearly $4.5 billion for 2013. The market is projected to reach $7 billion by 2018 growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4% over the five-year period from 2013 to 2018.

Green technology is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. with an ultimate goal of sustainable development. Its main objective is to find ways to create new technologies in such a way that they do not damage or deplete the planet’s natural resources and aid in reduction of global warming, greenhouse effect, pollution and climate change. The global reduction of greenhouse gases is dependent on the adoption of energy conservation technologies at industrial level as well as this clean energy generation. That includes using unleaded gasoline, solar energy and alternative fuel vehicles, including plug-in hybrid and hybrid electric vehicles.

The global electric vehicle (EV) market was worth over $73.0 billion in 2014. This market is expected to reach about $109.8 billion by 2019, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% from 2014 to 2019.Global revenues from solar cells and modules totaled nearly $38.7 billion in 2011 and should decline to $28.6 billion in 2012. Total revenues are expected to reach $78.1 billion in 2017 after increasing at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.3%.

Conservation is the process of reducing demand on a limited supply and enabling that supply to begin to rebuild itself. Many times the best way of doing this is to replace the energy used with an alternate. The goal with energy conservation techniques is reduce demand, protect and replenish supplies, develop and use alternative energy sources, and to clean up the damage from the prior energy processes. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology that can capture up to 90% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pro­duced from the use of fossil fuels.Energy efficiency has proved to be a cost-effective strategy for building economies without necessarily increasing energy consumption. Combined with improvements in energy efficiency and the rational use of energy, renewable energy sources can provide everything fossil fuels currently offer in terms of energy services such as heating and cooling, electricity and also transport fuel. A building’s location and surroundings play a key role in regulating its temperature and illumination. Green Building refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

Renewable energy and energy efficiency are sometimes said to be the "twin pillars" of sustainable energy policy. Both resources must be developed in order to stabilize and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. There are various energy policies on a global scale in relation to energy exploration, production and consumption, ranging from commodities companies to automobile manufacturers to wind and solar producers and industry associations. Recent focus of energy economics includes the following issues: Climate change and climate policy, sustainability, energy markets and economic growth, economics of energy infrastructure, energy and environmental law and policies and global warming along with exploring various challenges associated with accelerating the diffusion of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Most of the agricultural facilities in the developed world are mechanized due to rural electrification. Rural electrification has produced significant productivity gains, but it also uses a lot of energy. For this and other reasons (such as transport costs) in a low-carbon society, rural areas would need available supplies of renewably produced electricity.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has defined green economy as one that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. It is closely related with ecological economics, but has a more politically applied focus. A low-carbon economy (LCE) also known as low-fossil-fuel economy (LFFE), or decarbonised economy is an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. GHG emissions due to anthropogenic (human) activity are increasingly either causing climate change (global warming) or making climate change worse.

Energy and environment are co-related in the technological and scientific aspects including energy conservation, and the interaction of energy forms and systems with the physical environment. The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by 31% between 1800 and 2000, going from 280 parts per million to 367 parts per million. Scientists predict that carbon dioxide levels could be as high as 970 parts per million by the year 2100. Different factors are responsible for this development, such as progress with respect to technical parameters of energy converters, in particular, improved efficiency; emissions characteristics and increased lifetime. Various environmental policies have been implemented across the globe for reduction of GHG emissions for improvement of environment. 

Application of nanotechnology which involves the manipulation of materials at the scale of the nanometer to green engineering principles is "Green nanotechnology".  It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability. Maintaining and improving soil, water, and air quality represent some of the most formidable challenges facing global society in the 21st century. Pollutants from such diverse sources as oil and chemical spills, pesticide and fertilizer runoff, abandoned industrial and mining sites, and airborne gaseous and particulate matter from automobiles exacerbate the situation on a daily basis. Detecting and treating existing contaminants and preventing new pollution are among the challenges. Application of nano-materials in diverse fields such as enhancing the production and refining of fuels and reduction of emissions from automobiles, energy storage (batteries and nano-enabled fuel cells),to provide safe drinking water through improved water treatment, desalination, nano-enabled insulation and design of nano-materials for pollution sensing and detection.

The total energy-related market for nanotechnologies at nearly $8.8 billion in 2012 and $15 billion in 2017, a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4% through 2017.

Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Bioremediation may occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation) or may only effectively occur through the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, etc., that help encourage the growth of the pollution-eating microbes within the medium. However, not all contaminants are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plants are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above-ground parts, which are then harvested for removal.

Greenenergy- 2016 facilitates a unique platform for transforming potential ideas into great business. The present meeting/ conference creates a global platform to connect global Entrepreneurs, Proposers and the Investors in the field of Geology and its allied sciences. This investment meet facilitates the most optimized and viable business for engaging people in to constructive discussions, evaluation and execution of promising business.